Identification of potential sites for deep-ocean waste isolation with a geographic site-selection model

Identification of optimal sites for the isolation of waste on the abyssal seafloor was performed with two approaches: by the traditional method of map overlays of relevant attributes, and by a specially developed, automated Site-Selection Model (SSM). Five initial, Surrogate Sites, identified with the map-overlay approach, were then compared with the more rigorously produced scores from the SSM. The SSM, a process for optimization of site locations, accepts subjective, expert-based judgments and transforms them into a quantitative, reproducible, and documented product. The SSM is adaptable to any siting scenario. Forty-one factors relevant to the isolation scenario, including 21 weightable factors having a total of 123 scorable categories, have been entered into the SSM. Factors are grouped under project definition, unique environments, anthropogenic, geologic, biologic, weather, oceanographic and distance criteria. The factor scores are linked to a georeferenced database array of all factors, corresponding to 1°×1° latitude–longitude squares. The SSM includes a total of 2241 one-degree squares within 1000 n.m. of the U.S. coasts, including the western North Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the eastern North Pacific. Under a carefully weighted and scored scenario of isolation, the most favorable sites identified with the SSM are on the Hatteras and Nares Abyssal Plains in the Atlantic. High-scoring sites are also located in the Pacific abyssal hills province between the Murray and Molokai Fracture Zones. Acceptable 1° squares in the Gulf of Mexico are few and of lower quality, with the optimum location on the northern Sigsbee Abyssal Plain. Two of the five Surrogate Site locations, on the Hatteras and Sigsbee Abyssal Plains, correspond to the best SSM sites in each ocean area. Two Pacific and a second Atlantic Surrogate Site are located in low-scoring regions or excluded by the SSM. Site-selection results from the SSM, although robust, are an initial attempt to quantify the site-selection process. The SSM database exposes a significant lack of high-quality information for many areally mappable attributes on the abyssal seafloor, particularly bottom-current speed and measures of biologic productivity and flux. Terminologies and classifications of some measures, such as sediment types, suffer from parochialism and vary by ocean. Considerable research is needed even for a broad understanding of the environmental measures required to make sound societal decisions about use of the abyssal seafloor for disposal or other purposes.     

低功率氙光单元组的开发

以华晨V5车型氙光组为例,通过选取光源、挡板和参数,设计多椭球反射杯,并运用ASAP进行配光模拟,从而实现氙光单元的开发设计.最后通过PAS单元进行实际配光模拟和样件实车夜视对比分析,得出配有25W低功率氙光单元照明系统的车辆具有更佳的照明效果.     

Virtual test rig to improve the design and optimisation process of the vehicle steering and suspension systems

A virtual test rig is presented using a three-dimensional model of the elasto-kinematic behaviour of a vehicle. A general approach is put forward to determine the three-dimensional position of the body and the main parameters which influence the handling of the vehicle. For the design process, the variable input data are the longitudinal and lateral acceleration and the curve radius, which are defined by the user as a design goal. For the optimisation process, once the vehicle has been built, the variable input data are the travel of the four struts and the steering wheel angle, which is obtained through monitoring the vehicle. The virtual test rig has been applied to a standard vehicle and the validity of the results has been proven.     

基于D-P准则的深埋隧道破碎化分区规律研究

深部洞室开挖因应力重分布而使围岩出现松动区、塑性区、弹性区,基于D-P准则对深埋隧道围岩破碎化分区提出划分准则,利用ANSYS软件分析不同埋深3个区域发展状况并与规范推荐荷载高度进行对比,揭示埋深对松动区、塑性区半径的影响。研究结果表明,Rp,Rc与埋深H近似呈线性关系,与芬纳公式走向基本一致;当埋深超过某一临界埋深时,松动区迅速发展而呈现指数型增长;松动区分布形态及范围随埋深不同而呈现明显差异。     

浅析大客车气压制动装置制动失灵原因

介绍引起大客车制动失灵的一些故障，针对这些故障给出了预防措施和解决的方案。     

银西铁路驿马黄土滑坡工程特性与变形研究

银西铁路途经黄土梁峁沟壑区,不良地质非常发育。通过现场地质调查、钻探、原位测试及室内土工试验等综合勘察手段,查明驿马滑坡的工程地质条件。驿马滑坡为一大型中深层-深层黄土质古滑坡,滑坡前缘临空,后缘发育陡坎,后缘后部黄土塬面发育陷穴,侧缘分布冲沟,且受灌溉、排水等人为扰动影响。采用地层宏观评判,土体物理参数细部数据分析,有限元数值模拟的方法,研究滑坡工程特性及变形规律,评价滑坡潜在危害,为铁路选线提供参考。     

自动驾驶汽车中乘员在不同座椅朝向下的损伤风险及规避策略

在高度自动化车辆（Highly Automated Vehicle，HAV）中，由于不再需要驾驶人，乘客之间可以实现面对面的交流，这给车辆座椅的布置提供了更大的灵活性。为提高HAV的碰撞安全性，提出使用旋转座椅来改变人体朝向与碰撞方向相对位置的规避策略，其基本思路是在碰撞发生前通过主动改变座椅朝向来降低乘员损伤。首先，利用尸体试验数据对所建立的碰撞模型进行验证；然后，基于4种不同的座椅朝向，利用THUMS^TM人体模型进行初始速度为56 km·h^-1的正面碰撞模拟试验，以确定相对安全的座椅朝向位置；最后，预测座椅旋转过程本身以及旋转至某位置后发生碰撞的乘员损伤风险。在静态正面碰撞中，选择0°、90°、135°和180°四种不同的座椅朝向进行乘员损伤预测和比较，结果表明180°朝向时的乘员损伤风险最小。在此基础上，模拟了200 ms内将座椅旋转±45°和±90°，以及分别在0 ms和100 ms时间延迟后引入碰撞的试验过程。研究结果表明：200 ms能够将乘员旋转±45°和±90°而不引起额外的人体损伤，并且在无时间延迟时，旋转至背对碰撞方向的乘员损伤，比正面碰撞中0°、90°和135°座椅朝向的乘员损伤更低，证明了该损伤风险规避策略的有效性。     

多种破坏因素下舰船电力系统三维战损综合评估

分析武器攻击产生的4种主要破坏因素对设备的损伤机理,对船体和电力系统进行三维数字建模,采用Matlab编程进行蒙特卡罗模拟多种常规武器攻击。考虑多种破坏因素,提出武器多次命中时电力系统各部分损伤概率和损伤等级的计算方法。利用层次分析法确定权重,综合评估电力系统的损伤,提出电力系统的设计及防护建议。     

客车启动系统分祈与匹配

简要介绍了客车启动系统的结构、原理、启动极限温度要求及启动辅助装置的种类.分析了客车起动电路的模型,归纳了启动系统中各部件的选型和匹配方法.     

双层采空区隧道开挖围岩稳定性数值模拟

隧道下穿煤层采空区开挖不可避免地会对周围地层产生扰动,"活化"既有采空区,影响隧道及采空区周围地层的稳定性。由于双层采空区的特殊性,采空区与采空区之间也会产生一定的影响。利用FLAC3D软件,通过控制变量法建立双层采空区隧道模型进行计算,考虑采空区高度及采空区之间间距的影响,对隧道开挖过程中围岩形变及位移、围岩应力及围岩塑性区的开展情况进行分析。得出双层采空区存在时,当采空区之间间距大于20倍煤层采高时,双层采空区可按单层采空区进行处理。