船体表面矩形块优化敷设设计(英文)

Rectangular tiles can be laid on a ship’s hull for protection, but the sides of the tiles must be adjusted so adjacent tiles will conform to the curvature of the hull. A method for laying tiles along a reference line was proposed, and an allowable range of displacement for the four vertices of the tile was determined. Deformations of each tile on a specific reference line were then obtained. It was found that the least deformation was required when the tiles were laid parallel to a line with the least curvature. After calculating the mean curvature on the surface, the surface was divided into three layout areas. A set of discrete points following the least deformation of the principal curvatures was obtained. A NURBS interpolation curve was then plotted as the reference line for laying tiles. The optimum size of the tiles was obtained, given the allowable maximum deformation condition. This minimized the number of bolts and the amount of stuffing. A typical aft hull section was selected and divided into three layout areas based on the distribution of curvature. The optimum sizes of rectangular tiles were obtained for every layout area and they were then laid on the surface. In this way the layout of the rectangular tiles could be plotted.     

客运专线无砟轨道德国几何尺寸验收标准的测量误差分析

从德国双块式无砟轨道几何尺寸静态验收标准出发，对高速铁路精密测量的精度要求和误差传播的规律进行了理论分析和模拟验证，这可为高速铁路精密测量的控制策略、使用的测量仪器、具体测量方案、精调机作业的流程和数据处理提供指导和参考。     

橡胶坝底板结构设计

橡胶坝目前在我国发展迅速,在坝底板设计中对底板厚度和内力计算,各地差异较大。该文从实践出发,较详细地介绍了坝底板几何尺寸的确定方法和坝底板应力计算方法,提出了自己的设计思路。     

测量条件对柴油机排放PM尺寸分布的影响

研究了不同测量条件对柴油机PM尺寸与浓度分布测量的影响,在一台单缸柴油机上用SMPS测量装置测量了不同运转条件下柴油机PM排放,试验中采用不同的稀释比、稀释空气温度、取样点位置等,在大量的试验研究基础上,分析了柴油机PM排放的特征和主要影响因素。结果表明,随稀释比增加,PM尺寸趋向于累积模式分布或粗粒子模式分布,其浓度趋于降低;随着稀释空气温度的升高,PM质量和数量也相应降低,低负荷时PM峰值浓度移向细小颗粒的碳核模式区域;取样点位置远离排气出口,PM浓度逐渐减小,累积模式尺寸的PM数增多。     

铸造铝硅类合金宏观晶粒粗化规律的研究

研究了名硅类铸造合金的浇注温度化学成分、保温时间、回炉料加入量、变持处理遗传等因素对铝硅类铸合金宏观晶粒的影响，得出了一些对生产实际有意义的规律性结论。     

基于模块分组与重构的客车车身尺寸优化设计

以某12 m承载式电动城市客车车身骨架为例,提出一种模块化分组与重构的方法,对分组和重构后的车身骨架进行多目标尺寸优化的轻量化改进,并进行模态、刚度、强度和重量的对比分析。     

路线控制点距公路中线最短距离自动求解算法研究

讨论了公路选线时与平面线形设计有关的路线控制点距公路中线最短距离的计算机自动求解算法问题，提出了求解的新算法——步长压缩摆动趋近法。该算法在各种平曲线类型情况下均是可行的。     

Guidelines for samplers: measuring a change in behaviour from before and after surveys

This paper addresses the issue of using before and after surveys to evaluate behavioural changes in response to transport policies and investments, a procedure that, we argue is done far too rarely in this profession. Further, it demonstrates very clearly that, in almost all conceivable cases, there are considerable economies to be obtained by using a panel (again, under-utilised in our profession) to undertake evaluation, rather than successive independent cross-sectional surveys. The paper also addresses the critical issue of sample size requirements for measuring changes of a relatively small magnitude in travel behaviour; i.e., to state, with 95% confidence, that if there is a ∂ percent change in behaviour for the sample, there is a ∂ percent ± e percent change in the behaviour of the population, where e is the sampling error. In this paper, we present a method for calculating such sample size requirements from first principles and demonstrate the applicability both hypothetically and then empirically using data from the Puget Sound Transportation Panel. The formulation enables designers of before and after surveys to investigate the trade-offs between the statistical accuracy of their predictions and the sample size requirements systematically, without the need to specify ∂ a priori. This latter point is crucial, we argue, because we have limited information on ∂, yet, as we explain here, it drives the sample size requirements using alternative, well-cited approaches for calculating sample sizes to assess behavioural change. The results have important ramifications both for those implementing transport policies intended to produce behavioural change, especially when a cost-benefit evaluation of the policy is desired, and for those interpreting the results reported in previous studies.     

智能分类器方法

小样本数据不能对分类器进行充分的训练。传统的分类器方法一旦设计好,再也不会有任何改进.本文将人工智能的思想、方法应用于分类器设计中,提出了智能分类器概念。智能分类器不但可以对未知样本进行分类识别,还具有多专家决策、预分类、学习等功能。智能分类器是一种自适应系统,其系统参数可在识别的过程中得到不断的优化。在ORL人脸库上的实验结果证明该方法在解决小样本问题时具有明显的优势。     

稀土对5CrMnMo钢奥氏体晶粒度的影响

用电子探针分析了稀土在5crMnMo钢中的分布,研究了不同稀土含量对奥氏体晶粒度的影响,实施结果表明,稀土分布于奥氏体晶界,使5CrMnMo钢的奥氏体晶粒度显著细化。