边坡可靠性研究的发展方向

影响边坡稳定性的因素较多,而安全系数仍是目前边坡稳定性评价的重要指标,但未考虑其所涉及参数的任何变异,以致造成计算结果常有失真。实际工程中,边坡是一个具有时间属性的开放性系统,受关键性条件的制约,且具有一定的自我调整能力。因此,对于边坡可靠性研究应从内外因素两个方面进行考虑。通过分析边坡可靠性建模方法及其步骤,指出了在建模过程中应该注意的问题与应用目标。     

From suspended particles to strata: The fate of terrestrial substances in the Gaoping (Kaoping) submarine canyon

The river–sea system consisting of the Gaoping (new spelling according to the latest government's directive, formerly spelled Kaoping) River (KPR), shelf, and Submarine Canyon (KPRSC) located off southern Taiwan is an ideal natural laboratory to study the source, pathway, transport, and fate of terrestrial substances. In 2004 during the flood season of the KPR, a system-wide comprehensive field experiment was conducted to investigate particle dynamics from a source-to-sink perspective in the KPRSC with the emphasis on the effect of particle size on the transport, settling, and sedimentation along the pathway. This paper reports the findings from (1) two sediment trap moorings each configured with a Technicap PPS 3/3 sediment trap, and an acoustic current meter (Aquadopp); (2) concurrent hydrographic profiling and water sampling was conducted over 8 h next to the sediment trap moorings; and (3) box-coring in the head region of the submarine canyon near the mooring sites. Particle samples from sediment traps were analyzed for mass fluxes, grain-size composition, total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN), organic matter (OM), carbonate, biogenic opal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), lithogenic silica and aluminum, and foraminiferal abundance. Samples from box cores were analyzed for grain-size distribution, TOC, particulate organic matter (POM), carbonate, biogenic opal, water content, and ²¹⁰Pb_ex. Water samples were filtered through 500, 250, 63, 10 µm sieves and 0.4 µm filter for the suspended sediment concentration of different size-classes.Results show that the river and shelf do not supply all the suspended particles near the canyon floor. The estimated mass flux near the canyon floor exceeds 800 g/m²/day, whose values are 2–7 times higher than those at the upper rim of the canyon. Most of the suspended particles in the canyon are fine-grained (finer than medium silt) lithogenic sediments whose percentages are 90.2% at the upper rim and 93.6% in the deeper part of the canyon.As suspended particles settle through the canyon, their size-composition shows a downward fining trend. The average percentage of clay-to-fine-silt particles (0.4–10 µm) in the water samples increases from 22.7% above the upper rim of the canyon to 56.0% near the bottom of the canyon. Conversely, the average percentage of the sand-sized (> 63 µm) suspended particles decreases downward from 32.0% above the canyon to 12.0% in the deeper part of the canyon. Correspondingly, the substrate of the canyon is composed largely of hemipelagic lithogenic mud. Parallel to this downward fining trend is the downward decrease of concentrations of suspended nonlithogenic substances such as TOC and PAH, despite of their affinity to fine-grained particles.On the surface of the canyon, down-core variables (grain size, ²¹⁰Pb_ex activity, TOC, water content) near the head region of the canyon show post-depositional disturbances such as hyperpycnite and turbiditic deposits. These deposits point to the occurrences of erosion and deposition related to high-density flows such as turbidity currents, which might be an important process in submarine canyon sedimentation.     

大孔径深孔嵌岩桩成孔工艺的研究及应用

在桥梁施工中,钻孔桩形式不同施工工艺也多种多样,对大孔径深孔钻孔桩成孔工艺进行了简单介绍,说明了大孔径深孔桩研究和应用的过程及两次清孔对钻孔桩质量的重要影响。     

三车道高速公路隧道浅埋段施工技术探讨

介绍青莱高速公路上虎峪隧道(三车道)大管棚超前注浆支护的原理和施工工艺,及针对隧道开挖中出现的各种复杂地质构造采用不同的施工方法.为今后类似工程施工提供有用的参考价值.     

河北曹妃甸近海区地貌与沉积特征分析

依据现场调查资料与前人的研究成果,对该海区的沉积分布特征进行了分析,认为该区沉积物自岸向海的粒径分布呈由粗而细的分布特征。近岸浅滩为细砂,深水区为粉砂质粘土,自东向西的分布,也显示了由粗而细的分布特征,粒径最细的区域在曹妃甸西南侧的深水区。拟建港区水深条件优越,可利用岸线长,并有天然的进出港航道,具有非常良好的开发前景。     

乳化沥青乳液微粒粒径变化特征研究

乳化沥青微粒粒径大小和分布情况作为乳化沥青质量控制的重要参数,对乳化沥青的储存稳定性和使用性能有着重要的影响.通过分层微粒粒径试验,研究乳化沥青在储存过程中的微粒粒径变化特征,发现乳液微粒的平均年粒径随时间增加而递增,随深度增加而增大,且随着乳化剂含量的增加而减小,研究结果为乳化沥青的生产、储存和施工提供理论参考.