Impact of phytoplankton community size on a linked global ocean optical and ecosystem model

We isolated the effect phytoplankton cell size has on varying remote sensing reflectance spectra (R_rs(λ)) in the presence of optically active constituents by using optical and radiative transfer models linked in an offline diagnostic calculation to a global biogeochemical/ecosystem/circulation model with explicit phytoplankton size classes. Two case studies were carried out, each with several scenarios to isolate the effects of chlorophyll concentration, phytoplankton cell size, and size-varying phytoplankton absorption on R_rs(λ). The goal of the study was to determine the relative contribution of phytoplankton cell size and chlorophyll to overall R_rs(λ) and to understand where a standard band ratio algorithm (OC4) may under/overestimate chlorophyll due to R_rs(λ) being significantly affected by phytoplankton size. Phytoplankton cell size was found to contribute secondarily to R_rs(λ) variability and to amplify or dampen the seasonal cycle in R_rs(λ), driven by chlorophyll. Size and chlorophyll were found to change in phase at low to mid-latitudes, but were anti-correlated or poorly correlated at high latitudes. Phytoplankton size effects increased model calculated R_rs(443) in the subtropical ocean during local spring through early fall months in both hemispheres and decreased R_rs(443) in the Northern Hemisphere high latitude regions during local summer to fall months. This study attempts to tease apart when/where variability about the OC4 relationship may be associated with cell size variability. The OC4 algorithm may underestimate [Chl] when the fraction of microplankton is elevated, which occurs in the model simulations during local spring/summer months at high latitudes in both hemispheres.     

矿山法隧道拱部装配式衬砌结构设计研究

为解决矿山法铁路隧道施工拱部常出现的衬砌背后脱空、二次衬砌厚度及强度不足等质量缺陷问题，提出矿山法隧道拱部采用装配式预制管片结构的新思路，并基于时速350 km双线铁路隧道，采用数值计算分析研究拱部装配式衬砌结构的系列设计参数。主要研究结论有： 1）提出拱部装配式衬砌环向不分块的整体预制形式，综合考虑理论计算结果、行车安全分析、机械设备运输及拼装能力、拱部衬砌承载能力等，确定拱部管片环向弦长8.6 m、纵向幅宽2 m、衬砌厚度50 cm的结构尺寸及配筋设计参数； 2）提出拱部预制管片之间环缝采用螺栓连接、拱部预制管片与现浇边墙采用“L”型榫接头的接头形式及其设计参数； 3）为保证拱部管片的顺利安装，“L”型榫接头应考虑一定的施工误差，同时拱部预制管片与初期支护间应预留安装空间，后期通过管片背后纵向注浆填充密实。隧道拱部装配式衬砌技术成功应用于重庆胡家沟隧道，总体实施效果较好。     

基于深度学习和监测数据的桥梁损伤识别方法

为了挖掘桥梁健康监测数据蕴含的大量隐藏信息,以及改进传统结构损伤识别方法的不足之处,提出了基于桥梁监测数据的损伤识别方法。从有限元模拟数据和实际监测数据中分别提取加速度响应,并对原始数据进行了预处理。通过卷积神经网络和栈式自编码网络分别对明州大桥监测数据的可视化图像和时间序列进行识别,同时与浅层神经网络方法的识别正确率对比。结果表明:基于深度学习和监测数据的损伤识别方法不论是通过图像识别还是通过时间序列识别,都表现出优秀的性能:识别正确率达85%以上。与浅层神经网络相比,深度神经网络的损伤工况分类能力更强,识别正确率提高20%以上。     

Study of Probe Sample Size Model in Probe Vehicle Technology

In this paper, market penetration of a probe vehicle for real-time traffic data collection is discussed. A new comprehensive probe sample size model that satisfies the need of traffic flow parameter estimation and traffic network coverage is established, in which many factors like location error, probe ‘report’ transmission interval, probe data analysis interval, traffic flow density, link length, and road type are included. Based on this model, this paper proves the relationship between market penetration of the probe vehicle and other indexes, when probe data is used for link average speed estimation based on VISSIM simulation. The simulation result shows that the sample size model can provide effective probe information to accomplish the estimation of link speed.     

含水率与粒径对非饱和 砂土动力特性影响的试验研究

利用WF循环单剪试验系统进行3组单一粒径和2组级配含水率为7.2%～16.2%的非饱和重塑砂土在正应力25,50,100,200和300 kPa下的循环剪切试验,对比分析含水率与粒径对非饱和砂土动力特性的影响规律。试验结果表明:单一粒径砂土与级配砂土的动剪模量随着含水率的增大均先增后减,而阻尼比随含水率的增大均较为稳定;较小粒径的单一粒径砂和级配砂动剪模量更大,而阻尼比更小;粒径分组相同的级配砂,其动剪模量大于单一粒径砂,但是其阻尼比较小;5组试样中,粗砂的阻尼比最大,级配中砂的动剪模量最大。     

CRTSⅠ型板式无砟轨道板精调技术

无砟轨道设计标准高,施工控制严,对轨道几何尺寸要求极为精确,且施工一步到位。轨道精调是无砟轨道施工中非常关键的一道工序,它对轨道的几何尺寸最终位置能否达到设计及验标的要求起着决定性作用。以宁安城际铁路CRTSⅠ型板的施工为例,就如何保证轨道板精调的精度从设备选择、作业方法及标准、施工过程控制等方面进行了阐述。     

转换轨长度及位置探讨

通过对列车在转换轨上的定位、筛选、轮径校准过程的分析,进行了转换轨长度及位置的探讨,提出了转换轨长度按200m设计和靠车辆段设计转换轨的建议,便于地铁信号设计人员开展转换轨的设计。     

大型货车对线路动力影响的研究

基于轮轨系统耦合动力学原理，应用车辆一轨道垂向系统统一模型及计算机仿真软件，分析了大型铁路货车对线路的动力影响与危害，并讨论了宜所采用的车辆技术对策。通过对新设计的大型货车方案进行轮轨动力作用性能预测，论证了我国发展低动力作用大型货车运输体系的切实可行性。     

二次喷射时刻对 GDI 汽油机颗粒物排放的影响

研究了缸内直喷汽油机在不同二次喷射时刻条件下的颗粒物粒径分布特性。试验工况为最大扭矩转速2000 r／min工况,负荷率分别为10％,30％,60％。试验结果表明：不同二次喷射时刻下,缸内直喷汽油机颗粒物粒径呈单峰分布,低负荷数量峰值在对应的积聚模态70 nm附近。低负荷下,合理优化二次喷油时刻可以降低颗粒物排放;中等负荷时,单次喷射的颗粒物排放远低于二次喷射。     

彭溪河特大桥索塔锚固区段足尺模型试验研究

介绍彭溪河特大桥索塔锚固区段足尺模型试验、张拉工艺模型试验及空间有限元仿真分析。通过模型试验与理论计算相结合的方法,研究索塔锚固区的受力状态和安全性能,并测试小半径“U”形环向预应力束预应力损失和伸长量,为优化设计及指导施工提供了可靠的依据。