城市交通能耗区的识别及等级划分方法研究

随着社会经济的发展，机动车保有量急剧增长，城市化过程中交通拥堵问题日趋严重，交通能源消耗加剧。为了降低由此带来的损失，需要及时探明路网中交通效率低、能耗高的区域，并采取有效的交通管理措施。通过研究交通状态与能耗的关系，进行相应的交通参数分析，建立能耗区识别及等级划分模型，计算得到3个等级能耗区的界定阈值分别为0．411和0．678。     

论航海高等职业教育的现代性

借助刑晖职业教育现代性的分析框架,探讨了航海高职教育现代性的内涵、成效和不足,籍以引起航海教育界人士对航海高职教育现代性的认识和思考,推动我国航海高职教育的发展.     

Biologically induced differences in erodibility and aggregation of subtidal and intertidal sediments: a possible cause for seasonal changes in sediment deposition

This study was carried out to describe the difference in erodibility and aggregation in a tidal basin including both subtidal and intertidal study sites and to use these results to explain the shifting erosion/deposition cycles at the sites. Erosion thresholds, erosion rates and settling velocities of the eroded material were measured at a mudflat transect and at sediment cores taken from a nearby tidal channel during surveys made in May 2000 and March 2002. Surface samples were analysed for grain-size, chl. a content, faecal pellet content, dry bulk density and organic content. Additionally, surface samples were taken at eight occasions in the period January 2002 to May 2003 from shallow tidal channels in the area. These samples were analysed for mud content and showed that major shifts in sediment distribution occurred in the period. The erodibility of the mudflat was generally high due to pelletization by the mudsnail Hydrobia ulvae but close to the salt marsh much lower erodibility was found, probably due to stabilisation by microphytobenthos. In contrast, the erodibility of the channel bed seemed to be very little influenced by biological activity and the relatively low erodibility found here was caused by physical characteristics of the sediment. The sediment eroded from the mudflat was generally strongly pelletized and showed high settling velocities whereas less aggregation and lower settling velocities were found for the channel bed sediments. Temporal variations of the mudflat stability and hydrodynamics resulted in temporal variations of deposition and erosion and the changing stability at the mudflat is likely to be one of the main reasons for a general transport of fine-grained sediment from the mudflat to the channel in the cold seasons and vice versa during the rest of the year.     

How well a single-track linear model captures the lateral dynamics of long combination vehicles

ABSTRACT

The effect of centre-of-gravity heights on the high-speed performance measures of long combination vehicles including truck with double centre-axle trailers, Nordic, and A-double combination vehicles is investigated. The high fidelity three-dimensional models, used in this research, are validated against physical test data. These models are often accurate in terms of the actual dynamic behaviours of the vehicle. On the other hand, the simple yaw-plane single-track models with linear tires require less number of vehicle parameters. In this paper, it is investigated how accurate the estimations of performance measures are at high forward speeds by such single-track linear (STL) models. The influence of load height is especially studied. The high-speed performance-based standard or PBS measures considered are rearward amplifications of both lateral acceleration and yaw velocity; lateral load transfer; yaw damping and high-speed transient offtracking. The results show that tire relaxation has a large effect and it is rather easy to add to an STL model, so it is assumed to be modelled in STL. With realistically high payload and a required accuracy of PBS measures of approximately 10%, only the accuracy of rearward amplification of yaw velocity calculated by the frequency response is fulfilled by the STL. With low payload, the same statement is valid, but with around 5% in required accuracy. The roll dynamics effects are more important than the tire non-linearities.     

多用途乘用车侧翻稳定性能动态测试方法研究

对比分析了国内外车辆侧翻稳定性相关的标准法规的基本情况。研究了车辆发生侧翻的类型和机理,基于侧向加速度判断车辆侧翻状态的方法,通过整车道路试验对比了正弦停滞试验和鱼钩试验诱导车辆发生侧翻的效果,初步探讨了多用途乘用车侧翻稳定性动态测试方法和评价指标,为国内车辆侧翻稳定系统的开发和测评标准的制定提供了参考。     

时速160 km及以上客货共线铁路主要工程标准研究

目前建成的时速200 km的客货共线铁路,在实际运营中一般采用客(动车组)货不见面或降速至160 km/h速度的运营组织方式,因此对于今后类似项目是否还有必要按时速200 km客货共线铁路建设存在一定争议。通过调研、参考在建及运营项目,结合现行规范、标准及实际运营项目运输经验,对时速160 km、时速160 km(预留200 km)、时速200 km三类方案选用的主要技术标准进行详细汇总和对比分析,提出部分研究思路和实施建议,为后续类似项目速度目标值标准选用提供借鉴。研究结论为:项目初期就应结合项目特点、沿线客货运量需求、相邻路网构成、地形地貌等因素对速度目标值方案进行综合比选确定。     

船舶横摇混沌阈值的数值方法研究

为计算梅尔尼科夫函数的简单零点,文章比较分析了两种数值算法:类帕德逼近和高斯—勒让德积分,作为验证,计算了某激励频率下系统的李雅普诺夫指数谱。然后选取某型船,采用梅尔尼科夫函数方法计算了横摇动力系统的混沌阈值,观察了横摇系统的安全池随外激励增大而逐渐破损的过程,并追踪了破损域中某点的相轨迹。研究计算表明:类帕德逼近可以较精确地得到同(异)宿轨道的参数方程,但在方程的设解形式上需要一定的技巧性,且计算量较大;高斯—勒让德积分不关注参数方程具体形式,处理简单,便于工程计算。     

黄山市慢行交通系统规划研究

在当前能源供应趋紧、城市交通拥堵加剧的背景下,规划完善的慢行交通系统,对于促进城市综合交通体系的可持续发展具有重要意义。基于黄山市慢行交通现状,明确黄山市慢行交通的功能定位和发展策略,构建主次搭配的分级慢行交通网络,并提出慢行设施的设置标准。     

“STCW78/10修正案”对我国航海英语教育的影响及其对策

文章针对"STCW 78/10修正案"对海员有效沟通和交际能力提出的新标准,剖析了新标准对我国航海英语教育的影响,在对比分析新旧标准的基础上,探讨了新标准下航海英语教育的对策,以提高我国航海英语教育整体质量。     

国内外标准斜坡式海堤波浪爬高计算方法对比

波浪爬高是确定斜坡式海堤堤顶高程的重要因素,直接影响工程安全和造价,而目前国内外标准针对波浪爬高的计算方法存在较大差异。随着中国企业参与海外工程越来越多,工程设计人员掌握国内外设计标准不同计算方法的必要性逐步显现。介绍国外常用的美国标准Coastal Engineering Manual(简称CEM)、欧洲标准Wave Overtopping of Sea Defences Structures and Related Structures Assessment Manual(简称EurOtop)以及国内《港口与航道水文规范》。通过对比波浪爬高的计算方法,总结梳理各计算方法的差异性,得出CEM与EurOtop考虑的波浪爬高计算影响因素较为全面、具有较强实用性的结论。为斜坡式海堤设计中波浪爬高方法的选取提供一定参考。