基于运营性能的高速铁路大跨度桥梁健康管理探讨

面向我国高速铁路大跨度桥梁结构特点和管养现状,研究提出基于运营性能的高速铁路大跨桥梁健康管理总体思路。通过高速轨检车轨道几何周期巡检结果和有砟道床捣固指数,建立基于灰度理论的捣固指数预测模型,为桥区有砟轨道线路养修提供依据。基于健康监测数据,分别引入ARMA模型、神经网络法及三分之一倍频程谱方法对桥梁结构整体状态实时预警。提出梁端伸缩装置和大吨位支座桥梁关键部位专项监测技术,构建了基于钢轨横向偏移量和伸缩装置疲劳应力变幅的梁端伸缩装置评定方法,以及基于累积位移的支座耐久性预测与评估方法。研发了基于BIM的大跨度桥梁故障预测与健康管理系统,提出了桥梁状态分层分级评估方法,融合多源数据进行历史趋势分析、故障诊断与预测,为实现高速铁路大跨度桥梁健康管理奠定了基础。     

基于轨道极限状态法的过渡板受力分析和配筋设计研究

京张高铁官厅水库特大桥为简支拱型大跨度钢桁梁桥,为防止梁端转角或错台量过大,降低梁端扣件系统受力,梁缝处设计采用了过渡板结构。为保证过渡板设计合理性和安全性,建立过渡板有限元实体模型进行受力分析,并首次运用轨道极限状态法对过渡板结构进行配筋设计。分析表明:(1)温度梯度作用对过渡板(420 mm厚)受力影响较大,在设计荷载中占据主导因素,在正温度梯度下,过渡板底部弯矩达到124.155 kN·m/m;(2)过渡板底部纵向弯矩在荷载基本组合作用下达到最大值,且实配配筋率最大,配筋时应注意以裂缝宽度为控制指标进行设计。     

不同优化方法对斜拉桥成桥状态的影响分析探究

参考工程案例实用数据,借助有限元数理计算方式,基于零点移位法和最小屈曲应变能法,对斜拉索桥成桥状态数理计算开展专题分析探究。经过相关索力、弯矩及线形比对,分析了不同优化计算方法对该类型桥梁成桥状态的影响,以为同类斜拉索桥工程应用提供研究和技术参考,助力建设安全牢固的斜拉索桥梁。     

Use of localized necking and fracture as a failure criterion in ship collision analysis

This study explores the use of localized necking for failure modeling in maritime crash analysis, using large shell elements. The assumption that the failure of a large shell element occurs simultaneously with the onset of localized necking is revisited. This study particularly investigates the numerical implementation of the localized necking condition and its implications on the results of ship collision analysis involving not only plate rupture but also various failure mechanisms such as the crushing and tearing of web girders, stringers, and their intersections. Through a series of large-scale collision simulations, the effects of bending deformation on the initiation of necking, non-proportional loading paths, and ductile fractures not preceded by localized necking, are investigated. It is demonstrated that a localized necking-based fracture model provides a reasonable, relatively mesh-insensitive estimate of the onset of fracture in the outer hull panels; however, fracture propagation is very sensitive to the numerical implementation of the necking and fracture model, especially for the cases involving the crushing of web frames and stringers.     

考虑横向漂移的船舶路径跟踪自抗扰控制

针对船舶运动系统中内部动态不确定和外部干扰等问题,进行了欠驱动船舶路径跟踪的自抗扰方法研究。利用Backstepping设计参考航向角,并通过线性扩张状态观测器对流干扰和横向运动引起的横向漂移进行估计。其次,根据自抗扰算法对航向进行控制,采用线性扩张状态观测器对外界干扰及内部不确定项进行估计。最后仿真结果表明,在风流干扰下所设计的控制器仍能使船准确地跟踪上参考路径,验证了所提控制方案的有效性。     

基于深度学习的驾驶员状态识别

提出了基于驾驶员脸部及周围信息的驾驶员状态检测方法。文章通过实车摄像头采集了驾驶员驾驶状态视频数据,利用Dlib和OpenCV库对采集的驾驶员图像进行脸部检测,基于驾驶员脸部数据建立了深度学习数据集,然后基于该数据集设计了一种卷积神经网络模型FaceNet,利用PyTorch深度学习框架在数据集上对模型进行训练,最终得到了有较高准确率的驾驶员状态检测模型,其可识别抽烟、睡觉、左手打电话和右手打电话四种驾驶员状态。     

热扰动对冻土区片块石路基热状态变化特性的影响研究

随着我国现阶段的公路建设里程不断增长,相较于常规平原地区,高寒冻土区公路建设过程要克服冻土路基带来的各类不良影响.针对热扰动对冻土区片块石路基带来的影响进行深入研究,在分析该区域高等级公路路基状态的过程中,采集片块石路基的温度状态、吸放热状态和冻融循环状态等方面数据,探讨了其热状态变化的整体规律.研究结果显示:片块石路...     

Sea state estimation based on vessel motion responses: Improved smoothness and robustness using Bézier surface and L1 optimization

Floating structures oscillate in waves, where these wave-induced motions may be critical for various marine operations. An important consideration is thereby given to the sea states at the planning and operating stages for an offshore project. The most important information extracted from a sea state is the directional wave spectrum, indicating wave direction, significant wave height, and wave spectrum peak period. Among several available methods of measuring and estimating the directional wave spectrum, the wave buoy analogy technique based on vessel motion responses is an in situ and almost real-time solution without extra costs of devices. If the forms of the wave spectra are not predefined in the estimation, the method is called a nonparametric approach. Its most remarkable advantage is the flexible form, but the smoothness should be regulated. After the discrete Fourier transform has been applied to the measured vessel motions, smoothing is necessary. However, this process results in disturbed vessel cross-spectra and a lowpass characteristic of the windowing function. This paper presents a nonparametric approach for directional wave spectrum estimation based on vessel motion responses. It introduces novel smoothness constraints using Bézier surface and includes a more robust estimate using L1 optimization. Both techniques are applied to the wave buoy analogy for the first time. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the proposed algorithm.     

双馈电机的一种矢量控制实现方法

由交-交变频器和基于TI公司DSP芯片的控制器构成了一种双馈调速的矢量控制系统,以矢量运算实现转矩和励磁的分解独立控制,使交流电机获得与直流电机媲美的调速性能。介绍了系统的实现方法,分析了其电路结构组成和实现原理。     

基于支持向量机回归树的内燃机振动信号趋势预测

针对标准回归树建立在统计分析基础上所存在的缺陷,提出一种基于支持向量机的回归树预测模型。首先,根据原始振动信号趋势序列构建回归树;然后,针对回归树上包含样本数过少的节点,利用支持向量机,建立能够反映重要变量与响应变量之间映射关系的回归模型。仿真结果表明:即便由于设备出现异常,导致振动信号趋势序列出现非平稳、突变情况,该方法也能准确地预测,性能优于标准分析方法,具有一定的工程实用性。