多种Logit路径选择模型对多层次交通网络的性能影响

研究了多种Logit路径选择模型应用于多层次交通网络时对网络性能的影响.依据网络层次特征定义了广义路径费用;选取4种典型的Logit模型——单层的多项式Logit (MNL),C-Logit (CL),Path-Size Logit (PSL)以及双层的交叉巢式Logit (CNL)模型,对它们分别构建了适用于多层次网络的等价数学规划模型(MP);对不同层次结构和分散参数取值,利用VC++编程求解4个等价数学规划模型,并计算了系统最优的流量分配.分析表明:3种OD需求下的所有Logit模型所得网络总行程时间费用(NrrC)都高于通过系统最优分配得到的NTTC;利用考虑重叠的CL、PSL、CNL模型所得NTTC皆大于不考虑重叠的MNL模型,且构造越复杂的Logit模型所得NTTC越高;对各个Logit模型而言,层次性交通网络的NTTC要小于没有层次性的情况且层次越高时NTTC越小.     

基于离散选择分析的山区公路安全预警系统研究

普通公路安全预警尤其是山区公路安全预警,由于其交通流的复杂性使得利用监控系统检测交通状态较为困难。离散选择分析模型通过原始数据直接做出判断,又可以根据数据更新系统进行有效的自身学习,因此较目前应用的贝叶斯网络模型更适用于山区公路安全预警。首先利用离散选择分析方法建立了道路交通状态检测的判断模型;其次以检测结果为基础,利用线性神经网络模型建立了路段交通预警模型;最终建立了山区公路安全预警系统。     

浅析接触扫雷具对编队扫雷效率的影响

根据编队扫雷行动特点找出了接触扫雷具对编队扫雷效率产生影响的条件,可用以判断编队使用接触扫雷具扫雷的适应性;找出了编队使用接触扫雷具扫雷时协同方式的选择方法。     

遗传算法在JTIDS相对导航及源选择中的应用

根据联合战术信息分发系统（JTIDS）相对导航定位原理及其误差特性,多源定位可以有效地提高系统定位精度,而导航源快速优化选择将影响到定位实时性。通过将遗传算法应用到多源定位及导航源快速选择中,以减少导航源的优化选择时间,满足舰艇实时定位需求。     

水煤浆硫化悬浮燃烧技术在日照港岚山港区中区供热工程中的应用

对当前工程实际中采用较多的燃油、燃煤链条、水煤浆三种燃料锅炉的管理、运行、投资费用等进行了全面深入的调查研究。结合日照港岚山港区中区供热改造的工程实际,选定水煤浆硫化悬浮燃烧锅炉作为工程采用炉型。给出了三种燃料炉型的一系列比选结果,对新建工业与民用供热工程和改造工程有参考价值。     

The effect of social comparisons on commute well-being

We study the effect of social comparisons on travel happiness and behavior. Social comparisons arise from exchanges of information among individuals. We postulate that the social gap resulting from comparisons is a determinant of “comparative happiness” (i.e. happiness arising from comparisons), which in turn affects subsequent behavior. We develop a modeling framework based on the Hybrid Choice Model that captures the indirect effect of social comparisons on travel choices through its effect on comparative happiness.We present an empirical analysis of one component of this framework. Specifically, we study how perceived differences between experienced commute attributes and those communicated by others affect comparative happiness and consequently overall commute satisfaction. We find that greater comparative happiness arising from favorable comparisons of one’s commute to that of others (e.g. shorter commute time than others, same mode as others for car commuters, and different mode than others for non-motorized commuters) increases overall commute satisfaction or utility.The empirical model develops only the link between social comparisons and happiness in the comparisons-happiness-behavior chain. It is anticipated that the theoretical framework that considers the entire chain will enhance the behavioral realism of “black box” models that do not account for happiness in the link between comparisons and behavior.     

Modelling the effects of road pricing on traffic using ERP traffic data

Singapore’s Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system involves time-variable charges which are intended to spread the morning traffic peak. The charges are revised every three months and thus induce regular motorists to re-think their travel decisions. ERP traffic data, captured by the system, provides a valuable source of information for studying motorists’ travel behaviour. This paper proposes a new modelling methodology for using these data to forecast short-term impacts of rate adjustment on peak period traffic volumes. Separate models are developed for different categories of vehicles which are segmented according to their demand elasticity with respect to road pricing. A method is proposed for estimating the maximum likelihood value of preferred arrival time (PAT) for each vehicle’s arrivals at a particular ERP gantry under different charging conditions. Iterative procedures are used in both model calibration and application. The proposed approach was tested using traffic datasets recorded in 2003 at a gantry located on Singapore’s Central Expressway (CTE). The model calibration and validation show satisfactory results.     

The maximum approximate composite marginal likelihood (MACML) estimation of multinomial probit-based unordered response choice models

The likelihood functions of multinomial probit (MNP)-based choice models entail the evaluation of analytically-intractable integrals. As a result, such models are usually estimated using maximum simulated likelihood (MSL) techniques. Unfortunately, for many practical situations, the computational cost to ensure good asymptotic MSL estimator properties can be prohibitive and practically infeasible as the number of dimensions of integration rises. In this paper, we introduce a maximum approximate composite marginal likelihood (MACML) estimation approach for MNP models that can be applied using simple optimization software for likelihood estimation. It also represents a conceptually and pedagogically simpler procedure relative to simulation techniques, and has the advantage of substantial computational time efficiency relative to the MSL approach. The paper provides a “blueprint” for the MACML estimation for a wide variety of MNP models.     

居民全日出行方式选择动态模型研究

为改进现有交通方式选择模型,提高交通方式预测模型精度,基于出行链建立了居民全日出行方式选择动态模型。从居民出行方式选择机理分析入手,确立出行方式选择动态影响因素,在多项Logit模型（MNL模型）的基础上建立了方式选择动态模型。模型中增加了2类动态影响因素,即先前出行方式选择结果对后面出行方式选择的影响和主链的出行方式选择结果对子链出行方式选择的影响。最后以安徽省淮北市为例对模型进行了实例分析。结果表明：所建立的动态模型的优度比和预测准确率较基于单次出行效用的MNL模型有较大提高,变量在模型中的意义符合中国国情,模型可服务于城市交通规划和交通政策制定。