浅谈混凝土的施工温度与裂缝

对混凝土温度裂缝产生的原因、现场混凝土温度的控制和预防裂缝的措施进行等进行阐述。     

采用蠕变试验评价沥青混合料的高温稳定性

采用单轴静载蠕变试验对三种级配在不同沥青用量下进行试验研究,分析了沥青用量对沥青混合料的高温性能影响。     

轮轨摩擦耦合热弹性有限元分析模型

基于伽辽金变分原理,利用有限元方法,建立了轮轨摩擦耦合热弹性有限元分析模型,分析了轮轨摩擦热与钢轨接触区热膨胀位移、摩擦温度、应变和应力的关系。模型中温度场和位移场由耦合方程同时求解,但没有考虑惯性项和材料阻尼的影响。分析结果表明:耦合求解的温度场和位移场与非耦合求解的温度场和位移场的计算结果一致,钢轨表面各点滑动位移的方向与车轮滑动方向一致,垂向位移方向先负后正;钢轨表面各节点进入接触区后,温度快速上升,但高温持续时间短;在滑动方向上,钢轨接触点先受压应变后受拉应变作用,垂向受拉应变作用,滑动方向压应力明显高于垂向压应力,钢轨接触斑前后节点滑动方向应变符号相反;垂向高正应变区主要集中分布在接触斑后半轴上,最大剪应变与剪应力区在接触表层以下。     

大体积混凝土温度裂缝成因分析及控制

温度裂缝防治是大体积混凝土承台施工质量控制的一大难题.在申嘉湖高速公路双林高架桥第一个主墩承台的建设中,使用多项措施来防止大体积混凝土的温度裂缝,从而对确保工程的顺利进行取得了良好的效果.     

Port authorities view state coastal management programs

Abstract

An estuarine sanctuary is a store of public values due to the ecological, cultural, recreational, aesthetic, historic, and economic services provided by the preserve. These values may be expected to increase over time because of (1) growth in the population demanding estuarine services, (2) growth in the willingness to pay for such services, and (3) growth in the actual quality and quantity of services which are provided by a protected natural system. Thus an estuarine sanctuary will be more valuable to future generations than to current generations. When weighing the cost and benefits of a preservation or development decision, a preservation decision which seems currently undesirable may in fact be socially beneficial when growth in the value of estuarine services is included.     

抗紫外老化剂对沥青性能的影响

为解决南方湿热地区沥青路面受紫外光老化影响问题，利用紫外老化环境箱和动态剪切流变仪研究老化时间和受阻胺类抗紫外老化卉l】（GW一944）对沥青高温动态力学性能、低温和疲劳性能的影响。试验结果表明：强紫外光降低了沥青疲劳性能和低温性能，改善了抗车辙性能，且随老化时间延长而加剧；受阻胺类抗紫外老化剂（GW-944）能较好地对SBS改性沥青进行抗老化性能改善，且对其性能改善存在合适的掺量范围，适宜掺量为0．5％，而对基质沥青性能改善并不适用。研究成果为沥青路面有效防治紫外光老化提供了技术依据。     

桩-土作用在大型旅客站房基础设计中的应用

当大型旅客站房基础与地下出站通道重叠时,由于地下出站通道刚度大、结构超长,且属半露天地下结构,对温度作用变化明显,利用传统的刚性固结模型对站房基础进行设计时较难得到合理的结果或造成巨大的浪费。论述桩-土作用机理的复杂性,并对桩-土作用力学模型进行分析。通过分布弹簧模型对旅客站房在温度作用下的结构内力进行分析,并与刚性固结模型计算结果进行对比,得出旅客站房基础设计考虑桩-土作用的合理化计算模式。     

浅谈公路工程估算编制的新规则

新的《公路工程基本建设项目投资估算编制办法》和《公路工程估算指标》自2012年1月1日正式实施。取代1996编办和指标,针对估算编制的新规则,分析总结新旧差异,为以后估算编制工作提供指导。     

桥梁温度跨度对纵连底座板受力及配筋的影响

考虑轨道与桥梁相互作用特点,建立桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道空间力学模型,分析桥梁温度跨度对纵连底座板制动力和伸缩力的影响,根据不同桥梁温度跨度下的纵向力,按极限状态法对纵连底座板进行配筋设计。结果表明:当桥梁温度跨度小于482 m时,纵连底座板最大制动力随着温度跨度增加迅速增大,温度跨度超过482 m后纵连底座板的最大制动力趋于稳定;纵连底座板最大伸缩力随着桥梁温度跨度线性增大;纵连底座板配筋率增幅小于桥梁温度跨度的增幅。     

Evolution of the household vehicle fleet: Anticipating fleet composition, PHEV adoption and GHG emissions in Austin, Texas

In today’s world of volatile fuel prices and climate concerns, there is little study on the relationship between vehicle ownership patterns and attitudes toward vehicle cost (including fuel prices and feebates) and vehicle technologies. This work provides new data on ownership decisions and owner preferences under various scenarios, coupled with calibrated models to microsimulate Austin’s personal-fleet evolution.Opinion survey results suggest that most Austinites (63%, population-corrected share) support a feebate policy to favor more fuel efficient vehicles. Top purchase criteria are price, type/class, and fuel economy. Most (56%) respondents also indicated that they would consider purchasing a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) if it were to cost $6000 more than its conventional, gasoline-powered counterpart. And many respond strongly to signals on the external (health and climate) costs of a vehicle’s emissions, more strongly than they respond to information on fuel cost savings.Twenty five-year simulations of Austin’s household vehicle fleet suggest that, under all scenarios modeled, Austin’s vehicle usage levels (measured in total vehicle miles traveled or VMT) are predicted to increase overall, along with average vehicle ownership levels (both per household and per capita). Under a feebate, HEVs, PHEVs and Smart Cars are estimated to represent 25% of the fleet’s VMT by simulation year 25; this scenario is predicted to raise total regional VMT slightly (just 2.32%, by simulation year 25), relative to the trend scenario, while reducing CO₂ emissions only slightly (by 5.62%, relative to trend). Doubling the trend-case gas price to $5/gallon is simulated to reduce the year-25 vehicle use levels by 24% and CO₂ emissions by 30% (relative to trend).Two- and three-vehicle households are simulated to be the highest adopters of HEVs and PHEVs across all scenarios. The combined share of vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), and cross-over utility vehicles (CUVs) is lowest under the feebate scenario, at 35% (versus 47% in Austin’s current household fleet). Feebate-policy receipts are forecasted to exceed rebates in each simulation year.In the longer term, gas price dynamics, tax incentives, feebates and purchase prices along with new technologies, government-industry partnerships, and more accurate information on range and recharging times (which increase customer confidence in EV technologies) should have added effects on energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions.