兰渝铁路兰州至广元段精密工程控制测量技术体系及特点

兰渝铁路精密工程控制测量技术体系的建立贯穿了我国铁路精密工程控制测量标准从建立到逐步完善的全过程。为给类似铁路项目测量方案的设计与实施提供参考和借鉴,结合兰渝铁路兰州至广元段建立的精密工程控制网技术体系,从全线统一的"三网合一"的测量技术体系、基于CGCS2000的平面坐标基准、工程独立坐标系、符合工程实际的水准基点平差方案、地震对测量控制网造成影响的评估、长大隧道洞内CPⅡ控制网建网及其分段测量方法等方面进行研究和论述。研究结论及实践经验对于丰富和完善铁路精密工程控制测量标准具有一定意义。     

富水砂卵层基坑封闭降水与回灌工程关键技术

根据济南泉域富水砂卵石地层特点,通过文献调查、理论分析、现场实测,并借助数值模拟计算,分析并优化基坑下卧弱隔水层注浆加固方案,得到注浆加固质量控制技术要点,提出端头井土体加固与封闭止水帷幕下辅助降水的关键技术,研发基坑降水回灌一体化系统及配套装备,攻克传统回灌技术存在的抽灌分离、回灌效率低、运维成本高等施工难题,阐述回灌水质处理、自动加压回灌及水位联动回灌等关键技术创新点,改良回灌井过滤器设置及止水段施工技术,形成富水砂卵层基坑封闭降水与回灌工程关键技术,对推广基坑降水与回灌工程的绿色化、信息化、智能化有一定指导作用。     

秦淮河航道整治中的水下爆破技术

阐述了覆盖层秦淮河对戴家岗段航道水下钻孔爆破的影响,介绍了内河航道水下钻孔爆破的设计与施工工艺,并提出了相应的解决方法.     

防止电力机车进入无电单元(区)的安全预警方法

针对目前计划内接触网停电时电力机车进入无电单元(区)的问题,提出了基于动态停电作业区域数据对比库语音、屏幕鼠标点击坐标和高清成像分析进行"三元素二阶段"处理对比方法,以减少人员操作失误和损失.机车/车次信息及对应机车属性先由操作人员办理接发列预告(办理闭塞)的语音识别获取,再通过TDCS/CTC终端机非上位机获取并核对...     

三峡蓄水对内河大水位差架空斜坡道码头的影响研究

结合重庆某内河架空汽车下河斜坡道码头工程安全性评估和加固方案研究,对码头的库岸稳定性进行了分析。分析中考虑土中水的渗流和土体的变形耦合,求出了在稳定渗流条件下库岸的浸润面,并计算出孔隙水压力。通过分析得到了高填方汽车架空斜坡道桩基的破坏模式、桩内力分布、安全评估策略和加固方案。     

基于三元阵的舰船水压场微弱信号检测方法研究

利用三元阵水压场同步测试系统一次海上实船水压场测试试验的三阵元数据开展了低信噪比实船水压场的特征提取和检测方法研究.结合三阵元,分别采用了自适应滤波方法和功率谱估计方法对所获得的试验数据进行分析处理.结果证明,基于自适应滤波和基于功率谱估计的三阵元联合浮动门限能量检测方法能有效抵消噪声干扰,所设计的浮动门限随海浪背景噪声的变化而调整,具有很好的适应性,能在低信噪比下达到较高的信号检测率.     

客运专线路基褥垫层施工技术

本文主要介绍哈尔滨至大连铁路客运专线褥垫层施工工艺。     

Impact of macrozoobenthic structures on near-bed sediment fluxes

Sandy sediments in shallow coastal waters of the Baltic Sea are often characterised by large numbers of biogenic structures which are produced by macrozoobenthos species. A series of experiments was devised to quantify how the interaction of such structures with the near-bed flow regime affects the sediment flux. Most experiments were done with simplified replicates of structures generated by typical species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight, starting with solitary structures and regularly-spaced arrays in a range of characteristic population densities, followed by a complex benthic macrofauna community, both artificial and alive. A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a topography scanning laser, was used for high-resolution measurements (2 mm horizontal step size and 0.3 mm vertical resolution) of sand erosion (220 µm median grain size, at 20 cm s^− 1) and fine particle deposition (8 µm grain size, at 5 cm s^− 1). Sediment transport threshold values were measured for each layout. As a rule-of-thumb, both the erosion fluxes and the deposition of suspended matter increased considerably at low population densities (below 2%, expressed as percent of the sediment surface covered, i.e. roughness density RD). Above densities of 4%, erosion almost stopped inside the test arrays, and deposition remained well below the level of unpopulated areas. An attempt to extrapolate these findings to field conditions (using field current velocity data from 2001) showed that the net flux switched from erosion to deposition for densities above 5%. These parameters can now be integrated into a numerical sediment transport model coupling waves, currents, sediment dynamics and biological processes, which is currently under construction at the Baltic Sea Research Institute (IOW), Rostock, Germany.     

Characteristic flow patterns generated by macrozoobenthic structures

A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a bottom scanning laser, was used for detailed, non-intrusive flow measurements (at 2 cm s^− 1 and 10 cm s^− 1) around solitary biogenic structures, combined with high-resolution mapping of the structure shape and position. The structures were replicates of typical macrozoobenthic species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight and with a presumed influence on both, the near-bed current regime and sediment transport dynamics: a worm tube, a snail shell, a mussel, a sand mound, a pit, and a cross-stream track furrow. The flow was considerably altered locally by the different protruding structures (worm tube, snail, mussel and mound). They reduced the horizontal approach velocity by 72% to 79% in the wake zone at about 1–2 cm height, and the flow was deflected around the structures with vertical and lateral velocities of up to 10% and 20% of the free-stream velocity respectively in a region adjacent to the structures. The resulting flow separation (at flow Reynolds number of about 4000 and 20,000 respectively) divided an outer deflection region from an inner region with characteristic vortices and the wake region. All protruding structures showed this general pattern, but also produced individual characteristics. Conversely, the depressions (track and pit) only had a weak influence on the local boundary layer flow, combined with a considerable flow reduction within their cavities (between 29% and 53% of the free-stream velocity). A longitudinal vortex formed, below which a stagnant space was found. The average height affected by the structure-related mass flow rate deficit for the two velocities was 1.6 cm and 1.3 cm respectively (80% of height and 64%) for the protruding structures and 0.6 cm and 0.9 cm (90% and 127% of depth) for the depressions. Marine benthic soft-bottom macrozoobenthos species are expected to benefit from the flow modifications they induce, particularly in terms of food particle capture due to altered particle pathways and residence times, but also for the exchange of gases, solutes and spawn. The present results confirm previous studies on flow interaction effects of various biogenic structures, and they add a deeper level of detail for a better understanding of the fine-scale effects.