An exploratory analysis of joint-activity participation characteristics using the American time use survey

This paper presents a detailed exploratory analysis of joint activity participation characteristics using the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). As a very large nationwide survey that explicitly elicited information on both household and non-household companions for each activity episode, the ATUS is ideally suited for this analysis. Several intuitive and interesting results are obtained. Joint episodes are found to be of longer durations, significantly likely to take place at the residence of other people, and often confined to certain time periods of the weekday. In addition, important differences in these characteristics are also observed based on activity purpose, companion type, and the day of the week. These findings are intended to provide the basis for the justification of detailed collection of joint activity–travel participation information in household activity–travel surveys, and also as a stimulant for further empirical analysis and modeling of joint activity participation behavior.

A simulation framework for evaluating airport gate assignments

There are many factors that affect gate assignments in an airport's operations. These factors include static gate assignments, stochastic flight delays and real-time gate assignments. Most research on gate assignments in the past has laid stress on improving the performance of static gate assignments. None has analyzed the interrelationship between static gate assignments and real-time gate assignments as affected by the stochastic flight delays that occur in real operations. In addition, none has designed flexible buffer times for static gate assignments to effectively absorb stochastic delays in real-time gate assignments. This research proposes a simulation framework, that is not only able to analyze the effects of stochastic flight delays on static gate assignments, but can also evaluate flexible buffer times and real-time gate assignment rules. Finally, a simulation based on Chiang Kai-Shek airport operations is performed to evaluate the simulation framework.     

Vehicle reidentification and travel time measurement on congested freeways

The paper presents an algorithm for matching individual vehicles measured at a freeway detector with the vehicles’ corresponding measurements taken earlier at another detector located upstream. Although this algorithm is potentially compatible with many vehicle detector technologies, the paper illustrates the method using existing dual-loop detectors to measure vehicle lengths. This detector technology has seen widespread deployment for velocity measurement. Since the detectors were not developed to measure vehicle length, these measurements can include significant errors. To overcome this problem, the algorithm exploits drivers’ tendencies to retain their positions within dense platoons. The otherwise complicated task of vehicle reidentification is carried out by matching these platoons rather than individual vehicles. Of course once a vehicle has been matched across neighboring detector stations, the difference in its arrival time at each station defines the vehicle’s travel time on the intervening segment.Findings from an application of the algorithm over a 1/3 mile long segment are presented herein and they indicate that a sufficient number of vehicles can be matched for the purpose of traffic surveillance. As such, the algorithm extracts travel time data without requiring the deployment of new detector technologies. In addition to the immediate impacts on traffic monitoring, the work provides a means to quantify the potential benefits of emerging detector technologies that promise to extract more detailed information from individual vehicles.     

一种基于联运产品服务效率的运输收益清算方法

既有多式联运收益清算一般按照各方式运输距离及费率确定,未充分考虑运输时间效率和外部性(如碳排放)对于联运服务竞争力的影响,导致收益清算与联运服务竞争力的分离,限制了联运服务的发展.本文据此提出了基于各方式运输时间效率及碳排放的收益清算方法,该方法考虑了各方式运输时间及运输时间比例的变化,并通过权重系数来满足不同联运环境下收益清算的需要“. 渝新欧”多式联运的实例结果表明,本文方法可提高运输效率较高、绿色低碳方式的收益占比,如当公路时间不变,铁路运输时间由目前的 14.9 d缩短至 9.0 d时,其收益由 95.0%提升至 98.9%.运输时间及其比例的权重系数案例显示,其他条件一定时,不同的权重系数下铁路的收益占比相差约3%,因此需根据实际联运环境确定合理的权重系数.     

考虑动态红灯排队消散时间的改进MAXBAND模型

通过分析上游交叉口的驶出车流图式的变化规律,得到下游交叉口红灯排队消散时间与相邻交叉口相位差之间的函数关系,推导出动态红灯排队消散时间模型.并将动态红灯排队消散时间模型与传统MAXBAND模型相合,考虑绿波带控制中红灯排队消散时间随相位差的动态变化,建立了改进的MAXBAND模型.将改进的MAXBAND模型进行变量代换,使其仍然可用传统的混合整数线性规划方法快速地求解.示例路网的计算结果与仿真分析表明,由于考虑了红灯排队消散时间的动态变化,改进的MAXBAND模型较原模型具有更好的控制效果,处于绿波带中的车队不会因下游红灯排队车辆未消散完毕而产生停滞,实际有效绿波带宽增加31.6%,主干方向车辆平均延误减少12.6%.     

中国航空运输市场中航线票价的优化研究

为了对民航机票定价问题进行优化,从理论层面分析我国民航定价方面存在的问题,分析显示消费者有降低机票价格的需求.利用价格敏感度法(PSM)以大连-天津航线为例定量研究乘客对机票价格水平的意识,计算得出机票的无差别价格点、优化价格点、价格下限点、价格上限点,从而得到价格承受带和价格町接受域.分别从航空运输服务生产者和消费者的角度建立生产者收益模型和航空运输市场份额模型,计算得到优化机票定价点,并与现行票价进行比对分析,得到了与理论分析一致的结论,从定性和定量2个方面揭示了我国消费者有降低航空机票价格的需求.     

基于时间-费用约束的虚拟物流企业项目分解研究

考虑时间和费用约束条件下的虚拟物流企业项目分解.找出虚拟物流网络中的最短时延路,若该路的时延大于时间约束,则虚拟物流企业盟主认为不能在规定时间内完成该虚拟物流项目,拒绝该物流项目;反之,则从所有满足时间约束的路中挑出一条最小费用的路,通过此路进行分解,若时间和费用都满足虚拟物流企业盟主的期望,则接受该虚拟物流项目.并给出一个算例.     

基于微观仿真的路段行程时间预测方法

实时路段行程时间预测是动态交通分配中路径选择的关键技术之一,采用微观交通仿真手段和指数平滑方法估计路段行程时间,在路段行程时间估计模型中考虑了交叉口排队延误、信号控制延误和交叉口内转向行程时间,提出了基于灰色等维新息GM(1,1)模型的路段行程时间预测方法,根据路段行程时间的历史数据和实时采集数据,滚动预测未来的路段行程时间,通过实例应用证明了模型有很好的预测精度.     

公允价值在投资性房地产准则中的应用

本文介绍了公允价值的含义及公允价值在投资性房地产中的应用,着重分析了公允价值计量模式在投资性房地产准则应用中的优点及存在的问题。