青藏铁路列车乘务人员体力劳动强度分级的研究

目的探索在高原低气压低氧环境中列车乘务人员体力劳动强度状况，为制订合理用工制度、劳动定额及福利待遇，保障铁路行车人员身体健康和行车安全提供科学依据。方法选择北京-拉萨T27／28次（三组）特快列车乘务工务岗位的餐车厨师、餐车服务员、列车员和检车员4个工种在西宁-拉萨运行期间的体力劳动强度进行测量。结果青藏铁路列车乘务岗位体力劳动强度均在Ⅳ级以上，其劳动特点为能量代谢率高、持续作业时间长，属能量消耗大的重体力劳动。建议高原旅客列车乘务工务岗位劳动强度级别必须控制在Ⅳ级以内，女职工不应超过Ⅲ级；进行高海拔大跨度运营作业前，必须进行适应性训练；必须建立青藏铁路职工健康监护体系，监察高原病及其他职业病发生变化趋势，及时采取有效控制措施，保障工人身体健康。     

高速空调客车通过隧道时车内压力波数值方法初探

高速列车通过隧道时会带来乘客舒适性问题。现利用流入、流出相邻两节密封车厢的流量关系,发展了高速空调客车车厢在彼此隔离条件下车外压力引起的车内压力计算方法,模拟了客车在加装风量调节式控制系统时隧道单车压力波与会车压力波条件下的车内压力波动规律,验证了该类系统减缓车内压力的有效性。     

高速列车制动盘材料的研究进展

综述提高高速列车制动盘能量和降低盘重方面的研究成果。研究用C—C纤维复合材料、陶瓷材料、铝基陶瓷强化复合材料,以及材料表面强化技术等改善高速列车制动盘材料性能的问题。分析认为C—C纤维复合材料密度低、耐高温性能好,但表现出环境影响摩擦性能的问题;陶瓷材料具有优良的摩擦性能,但具有韧性低的问题;铝基陶瓷强化复合材料密度低,但面临着使用温度较低的问题;材料表面强化技术可提高钢盘的摩擦性能,但仍需要解决不同材料间的结合性能问题。     

Approximate network loading and dual-time-scale dynamic user equilibrium

In this paper we present a dual-time-scale formulation of dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) with demand evolution. Our formulation belongs to the problem class that Pang and Stewart (2008) refer to as differential variational inequalities. It combines the within-day time scale for which route and departure time choices fluctuate in continuous time with the day-to-day time scale for which demand evolves in discrete time steps. Our formulation is consistent with the often told story that drivers adjust their travel demands at the end of every day based on their congestion experience during one or more previous days. We show that analysis of the within-day assignment model is tremendously simplified by expressing dynamic user equilibrium as a differential variational inequality. We also show there is a class of day-to-day demand growth models that allow the dual-time-scale formulation to be decomposed by time-stepping to yield a sequence of continuous time, single-day, dynamic user equilibrium problems. To solve the single-day DUE problems arising during time-stepping, it is necessary to repeatedly solve a dynamic network loading problem. We observe that the network loading phase of DUE computation generally constitutes a differential algebraic equation (DAE) system, and we show that the DAE system for network loading based on the link delay model (LDM) of Friesz et al. (1993) may be approximated by a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). That system of ODEs, as we demonstrate, may be efficiently solved using traditional numerical methods for such problems. To compute an actual dynamic user equilibrium, we introduce a continuous time fixed-point algorithm and prove its convergence for effective path delay operators that allow a limited type of nonmonotone path delay. We show that our DUE algorithm is compatible with network loading based on the LDM and the cell transmission model (CTM) due to Daganzo (1995). We provide a numerical example based on the much studied Sioux Falls network.     

应用型本科院校中卓越工程师应具备的技能

针对应用型本科院校培养卓越工程师的要求,分析培养卓越工程师的条件及卓越工程师应具备的技能,即理论知识能力与实践技能的培养,开拓创新技能的培养,建设产学有机结合、校企共建的培养平台,使学生具有锐意进取的精神及较强人际交往、团队协作和沟通技能。     

城市轨道交通小交路计划与客流控制协同优化策略

高峰时段的大客流需求易造成城市轨道站台乘客大量聚集,从而给城市轨道交通系统带来安全隐患,降低乘客乘车的舒适度;同时,客流空间分布的不均衡性导致供需能力不匹配,降低 了列车资源的利用率。针对该现象,本文结合大小交路开行方案与客流控制策略研究城市轨道交通列车时刻表协同优化问题。考虑到城市轨道交通客流的不确定性,将乘客到达率设置为不确定变量,而后基于客流演化与列车运行的动态关系,建立以最小化滞留乘客数、客流控制人数、 列车运行时间,以及最大化列车资源利用率衡量值为目标的优化模型,并设计一种基于机会约束 的随机场景优化算法进行模型求解。以北京市某轨道线路为例进行数值实验验证模型的有效性。结果表明,相较于常规运营策略,本文提出的协同优化策略在期望滞留人数和列车运行时间方面有了较大改善,更好地实现了乘客成本和企业运营成本之间的均衡。     

Train rescheduling model with train delay and passenger impatience time in urban subway network

This paper considers the train rescheduling problem with train delay in urban subway network. With the objective of minimizing the negative effect of train delay to passengers, which is quantified with a weighted combination of travel time cost and the cost of giving up the planned trips, train rescheduling model is proposed to jointly synchronize both train delay operation constraints and passenger behavior choices. Space–time network is proposed to describe passenger schedule‐based path choices and obtain the shortest travel times. Impatience time is defined to describe the intolerance of passengers to train delay. By comparing the increased travel time due to train delay with the passenger impatience time, a binary variable is defined to represent whether the passenger will give up their planned trips or not. The proposed train rescheduling model is implemented using genetic algorithm, and the model effectiveness is further examined through numerical experiments of real‐world urban subway train timetabling test. Duration effects of the train delay to the optimization results are analyzed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型车载减速顶检测系统

车载检测系统是安装在工作车上,对编组场内的减速顶进行自动化检测的系统。该系统通过工作车行驶在安装有减速顶的线路上,对钢轨两侧的减速顶的油气压力同时进行采集,通过局域网进行有线或无线传输,把数据发送到工作人员的笔记本电脑或手持设备上,分析出各个减速顶目前所处的状态并判断哪些顶需要维修,用存放于工作车上的备件及时更换,维修起来方便快捷。     

安防和乘客异动在途监测系统设计

针对城市轨道交通视频监控的重要性与传统的视频监控的局限性,提出利用前端图像处理模块实现动态背景建模、目标检测和跟踪,对正常的群体行为进行建模、识别乘客异动。设计采用贝叶斯分类器将目标和背景进行分类,实现目标检测,并利用乘客特征的先验知识制成模板,将运动区域与目标模型匹配实现跟踪的过程,并将乘客行为抽象成为时空变化的数据分类问题。本系统的设计旨在保证地铁列车的安全运行,建设与轨道交通相适应的车载视频监控系统。     

一种摆式列车未平衡加速度测量仪的研究

介绍了一在于单摆的高精度数字测量仪,采用磁电涡流阻尼和光电编码器摆角的结构,它适合于测量车体的理论与实际倾斜角的误差,从而测量对应的未平衡加速度。对测量原理进行了分析,同时介绍了实验室条件下试验的结果。