Competition in Brazilian bus and coach services - The results of recent competitive tendering processes

This paper analyses the terms and the results of a sample of some recent Brazilian bidding processes for the concession of public passenger transport services: namely, urban and metropolitan bus or regional coach services. The analysis is based on selected issues relating to competitiveness and upon the legal framework that applies in this sector. It was concluded that, given the lack of bidding processes for concessions in the bus and coach sector in Brazil, the fact that some bidding processes have been carried out should be considered a sign of progress. However, these auctions have not necessarily prioritised competitiveness, since many barriers to entry into the systems were imposed by the bidding terms. Future competitive tendering processes should seek to abide by stricter principles of competitiveness, if they wish to avoid the entire effort expended on conducting such processes serving only to mask nothing more than formal obedience to the law and to discredit the bidding process in the eyes of Brazilian citizens.     

基于不确定需求的港口柔性靠泊计划

港口生产系统中存在许多不确定因素,实施高度灵活、富有弹性和对市场需求能够快速响应的港口生产柔性化战略,有利于提升港口综合竞争力,推动港口发展和升级换代.在分析基于不确定需求的港口柔性靠泊服务需求的基础上,研究港口柔性靠泊计划,建立了柔性靠泊计划模型.该模型引入非对称性田口损失函数来衡量服务损失的大小,实现在保证一定服务水平(满意率)的前提下,港口的服务损失最小,即所有在港船舶的时间(费用)损失最小.     

中国内河航运发展的机遇与挑战

论述了内河航运的优势和我国内河航运的现状,分析了我国发展内河航运的优势和劣势,研究了我国现阶段发展内河航运面临的机遇和挑战。提出了加快实现船舶标准化、打通高等级航道网中的瓶颈、沟通水系、开辟新的入海通道、科技创新、解决关键技术问题、形成水资源综合利用的有效协调机制等应对措施。     

龙口港航道扩建工程疏浚土输移研究

采用目前国际上广为应用的DELFT3D软件技术,建立潮流、风浪和泥沙即时耦合计算的二维数学模型,研究龙口港航道扩建工程疏浚土扩散问题。模型建成后,通过实测潮流、潮位和长时段地形变化资料,对模型进行有关参数的率定。在计算成果与实测资料达到相似要求后,首先对疏浚土形成的漂浮水质点运动进行分析,得出了漂浮水质点运移轨迹及影响范围,然后对疏浚土形成的悬移泥沙进行模拟,分析了疏浚土随潮流运动扩散输移而引起的悬浮泥沙的可能分布及影响范围。研究结果表明,抛泥区距港区和航道较远,不会对港区、航道造成影响。     

粗砂水力输送多峰阻力特性

提出了实验中发现的一种挖泥船管道水力输送粗砂阻力特性的新类型——多峰阻力特性,而现有理论根本无法解释这一现象。应用两层模型方法,对出现多峰阻力特性的管道水力输送粗砂实验数据进行了计算,分析了多峰阻力特性与内部流动分层结构的关系。研究表明,这种新型的多峰阻力特性的出现,是由于管道内部流动结构特性,如上下两层分界面位置、两层浓度差、速度差等,随着浆体水力输送平均速度的变化,出现了增减交替而非单调的变化。     

基于ADCP估算悬移质输沙率的应用研究

利用声学多普勒流速剖面仪（ADCP）的声反向散射强度（ABS）,估算悬移质浓度（SSC）的相关技术日臻成熟,其原理是利用走航式声学多普勒流速剖面仪（ADCP）,采集足够频次的流速和声反向散射强度,以替代流量和悬移质浓度（SSC）的数据,在一定程度上破解了在复杂水流环境中测定和估算水体悬移质输沙率的难题。简要介绍利用声学多普勒流速剖面仪（ADCP）估算悬移质输沙率的基本原理和方法,并结合在连云港徐圩海域水文观测中的应用实例,验证该方法的可行性、可靠性和精度。     

水运工程水下振动台的应用研究与进展

在充分了解国内外地震对水工建筑物危害程度及水下振动台应用现状的基础上,分析了水下结构物抗震设计计算与结构抗震物理模型试验的差异,阐述了在交通行业建设大型水下振动台的必要性和重要性,明确了建设水下振动台需要解决的关键技术问题,对水下振动台应用前景进行了分析。     

Local scour at submarine pipelines

The rapid development of offshore oilfields has increased the number of submarine pipelines being constructed for the transport of crude oil to onshore refineries.Interactions between the pipeline and an erodible bed under the influence of current and waves often lead to local scouring around the structure.When this occurs, the pipeline may be suspended on the seabed resulting in the formation of a span.If the free span is long enough, the pipe may experience resonant flow-induced oscillations,leading to structural failure.This study examines the complex flow-structure-sediment interaction leading to the development of local scour holes around submarine pipelines.It reviews published literature in this area,which primarily is confined to the development of 2- dimensional scour holes.Despite the abundance of such research studies,pipeline-scour in the field essentially is 3-dimensional in nature.Hence,most of these studies have overlooked the importance of the transverse dimension of the scour hole,while emphasizing on its vertical dimension.This clearly is an issue that must be re-examined in light of the potential hazard and environmental disaster that one faces in the event of a pipeline failure.Recent studies have begun to recognize this shortcoming,and attempts have been made to overcome the deficiency.The study presents the state-of-the-art knowledge on local scour at submarine pipelines,both from a 2-dimensional as well as the 3-dimensional perspective.     

叠船运输方式下的半潜船耐波性分析

以叠船运输方式下的半潜船为研究对象,采用CATIA软件进行三维建模。基于AQWA软件计算在规则波中不同浪向、不同航速和不同吃水下的响应幅值算子(Response Amplitude Operator, RAO),分析在不规则波中不同海况条件下货物绑扎设计关键点的加速度变化,发现浪向、航速和吃水等因素对RAO的影响规律。研究结果可为叠船运输方式下的半潜船安全运输提供运动预报,为货物绑扎设计提供依据。     

排水系统水力模型建模导则有关规定的探讨

排水系统水力模型在排水工程项目中的应用越来越广泛,制定一套关于排水系统水力模型的标准和规范是必要的。根据编制《排水系统水力模型建模及交付技术导则》中的要求,以集水区和降雨作为研究对象,采用水力模型对集水区和降雨进行建模模拟,分析研究集水区和降雨对排水系统水力模型的影响,证明《排水系统水力模型建模及交付技术导则》中关于集水区和降雨在排水系统水力模型中的建模要求的合理性,为导则的后续应用提供了有力的技术支持,也为后续排水系统水力模型的建设提供相应的指导。