内蒙古公路交通需求预测系统开发构想

交通需求预测是路网规划和公路建设项目可行性研究的核心内容。现有商业交通需求预测软件以国外软件为主,这些软件价格昂贵,并且没有进行良好的本土化改造,不利于使用。因此开发适合国情、区情的公路交通需求预测软件具有十分重大的意义。文章构建了内蒙古公路交通需求预测系统开发的基本框架,分析了交通需求预测软件的基本内容和技术路线。     

西安市南北中轴线改造工程设计思考

该文通过西安市南北中轴线改造过程中对横断面型式的确定、旧路材料的再生利用、公交停靠站的设计等技术问题的探索和尝试,提出了解决的方法和见解,同时介绍了旧路改造设计中得到的启示。     

冲击碾压技术在高速公路改建工程中的应用

冲击碾压技术已在我国新建和改扩建公路工程等项目上予以应用。它不仅能确保工程进度,而且能有效地防止路面出现反射裂缝,从而提高工程质量。该文结合高界高速公路改建工程,从冲击的速度、顺序、遍数,以及防水措施等方面介绍了冲击碾压技术的施工工艺。     

西秦岭TBM铁路单线隧道信息化辅助有轨运输安全管理

TBM施工相对常规的钻爆法施工安全性较高,但在TBM施工的安全管理中,有轨运输经常发生安全事故。为有效减少和规避隧道有轨运输安全事故的发生,在施工中采用了信息化辅助措施。以西秦岭单洞双线铁路隧道TBM施工有轨运输为例,通过加强有轨运输相关人员技能培训、引入5套信息化通信手段并加强机车日常维护和保养工作,有效地控制了有轨运输安全风险,可为类似工程施工提供借鉴和参考。     

武汉三阳路公铁合建超大直径盾构隧道设计方案研究

随着我国城市建设的迅速发展,公铁隧道合建方案逐渐成为高效利用地下空间资源的行之有效的途径。文章基于武汉三阳路越江隧道工程条件,从对规划和用地的影响、施工难度、施工组织等多方面进行了综合比较分析,推荐采用六车道公铁合建隧道方案,并对盾构隧道横断面布置、隧道结构等进行了计算分析;针对超大直径盾构越江隧道建设所遇到的装备制造、长距离掘进、小净距施工及近距离侧穿建筑物等技术难点进行了可行性论证。     

长输油气钢质管道维修搭接焊缝超声探伤

为实现输油气管道搭接焊缝内部缺陷的全面检测,进一步采取整治措施、消除安全隐患提供有效依据和数据支持,保证管道安全运行,文中将超声脉冲回波法与透射传输法相结合,提出一种多通道在役管道搭接焊缝检测新方法。为了验证该方法的可行性,针对焊缝可能出现的焊接缺陷制作了一系列试块并进行了试验验证,试验结果表明该方法能够准确发现焊缝内部裂纹、未熔合、未焊透、夹渣和气孔等缺陷,为管道的安全运行提供技术保障。     

Regulation of the informal transport sector in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil: welfare impacts and policy analysis

In Brazil, the explosion of informal transport activity during the past decade has had profound effects on formal public transport systems and is a source of great controversy in the urban transportation sector. A variety of policies have been proposed to manage the growth of the sector. This study seeks to understand how proposed policies will impact the users of these systems. A corridor in Rio de Janeiro with substantial informal activity was used as a case study. Measures of welfare changes in a discrete choice framework were used to estimate proposed policies’ impacts on users. Eleven candidate policies were evaluated, ranging from the eradication of the informal modes and investment in formal modes, to the legalization of the informal modes. Benefits were compared with costs and the distribution of benefits across income classes was explored. Net benefits from some policies were found to be substantial. Legalizing the informal sector was found to benefit users slightly but further investments in the sector are probably inefficient. Users benefited most from improvements in formal mass transit modes, at roughly 100–200 dollars per commuter per year. Finally, policies to foster a competitive environment for the delivery of both informal and formal services were shown to benefit users about 100 dollars per commuter per year. Together, the regulation of the informal sector and investments in the formal sector serve to reinforce the movement towards competitive concessions for services and help reduce the impacts of cartelization and costly in-road competition.

成品油税费改革对西部道路客货运输的影响及对策

国家实行成品油税费改革,给西部道路客货运输业的发展带来了机遇和挑战。文章从道路运输管理部门和道路客货运输企业的角度阐述成品油税费改革对行业管理与企业发展的机遇和挑战,并结合实际提出了应对策略与建议。     

广西电子口岸建设与应用

广西凭祥市友谊关口岸是广西连接越南最主要的陆路口岸。文章介绍了广西电子口岸联检核放系统的主要特点、总体结构和运行准备工作,分析了系统管理流程及优缺点,并对广西电子口岸建设当前所取得的经验进行了总结。     

You (expect to) get what you pay for: A system approach to delay, fare, and complaints

In this paper, an analytical framework integrating delay, fare, and complaints with passenger air travel has been laid out. Examining aggregate monthly data for US domestic air travel, we have identified causal relationships among fare, complaints, and levels of delay. An analytical framework is proposed that formalizes these relationships in an integrated manner. This integrated framework is then estimated in a set of simultaneous equations by using 118 months of data from January 1997 to October 2006. Results show that complaints are influenced by levels of delays. However, complaints are positively influenced by average yield. These findings lead us to support the central hypothesis that complaints are responsive to levels of delays, but they tend to vary according to fare. That is, air travelers are less likely to complain in return for lower fares, even when faced with the same or even higher levels of delays. These findings have important policy implications, including the passengers’ bill of rights and regulator’s choice between market and operational performances.