长江干线重点支流河口航标配布方案

长江干线重点支流河口航标配布缺乏统一配布原则和方法。采用分类研究的方法,根据河口地形及干线航道布置特点,将河口分为沿岸航道(或偏靠河口侧的河心航道)类、干线航道与支流河口间有一定距离类,确定不同类别河口航标配布所使用的航标种类,并分别根据标示支流河口位置、标示干支航道交汇点、标示干线航道与支流航道连接段航道界限与碍航物、提示支流河口信息的总体原则对不同类别的支流河口提出相应的航标配布方案,为类似工程提供参考。     

“中华之星”号高速列车司机室过渡曲面局部空气压力分布研究

“中华之星”号列车端部流线型长度达到5.5m,且采用双拱外形。司机室向车体顶部过渡曲面曲率较大,容易产生流动分离现象,为检验端部流线型外形设计的合理性,采用数值模拟计算和实车试验相结合的方法对其局部表面空气压力分布进行研究。研究结果表明:动力车司机室向车体顶部过渡曲面局部表面未发生流动分离。     

Impact of telecommuting on spatial and temporal patterns of household travel

A spatial and temporal analysis of travel diary data collected during the State of California Telecommuting Pilot Project is performed to determine the impacts of telecommuting on household travel behavior. The analysis is based on geocoded trip data where missing trips and trip attributes have been augmented to the extent possible. The results confirm the earlier finding that the Pilot Project telecommuters substantially reduced travel; on telecommuting days, the telecommuters made virtually no commute trips, reduced peak-period trips by 60%, total distance traveled by 75%, and freeway miles by 90%. The spatial analysis of the trip records has shown that the telecommuters chose non-work destinations that are closer to home; they exhibited contracted action spaces after the introduction of telecommuting. Importantly, this contraction took place on both telecommuting days and commuting days. The telecommuters distributed their trips, over the day and avoided peak-period travel on telecommuting days. Non-work trips, however, show similar patterns of temporal distribution on telecommuting days and commuting days. Non-work trips continued to be made during the lunch period and late afternoon and evening hours.     

GIS-aided prediction for sea-ice distribution

A method of applying the geographic information system (GIS) to predict sea-ice distribution is proposed. The prediction computations are performed using the distributed mass/discrete floe (DMDF) model. The GIS is used to prepare the initial data for the DMDF model, and to display the simulation results together with a digital map and observational data for evaluation and further use. Two areas in the Arctic Ocean were selected to test the computations in this study. The results of the case studies show that this method can help with (1) free-area and free-scale prediction fitting for various purposes, (2) a high-resolution output to provide more detailed data, and (3) a reasonable combination of different data sets to make the best use of the information obtained. The results also suggest that the DMDF model is a good simulation of the ice motion not only for large-scale but also for local-scale predictions. Received: March 19, 2002 / Accepted: June 20, 2002 Acknowledgments. This study was financially supported by the Japan Science and Technology Corporation. The SSM/I sea-ice data were obtained from the EOSDIS NSIDC Distributed Active Archive Center (NSIDC DAAC), University of Colorado at Boulder. The authors thank the persons concerned. Address correspondence to: H. Yamaguchi (yama@fluidlab.naoe.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp)     

水泥砼疲劳试验数据中含非破坏数据的处理方法

水泥砼疲劳试验数据中常含有非破坏数据 ,人们在处理数据时常将其剔除 ,笔者认为这是不合理的 .据此 ,笔者应用数据统计方法 ,假定数据服从正态 (或对数正态 )分布 ,从理论上推导出了处理这类问题的计算方法 ,并给出了具体算例 .分析发现 ,应用该方法处理疲劳试验数据中含非破坏数据是可行的     

使用F8型空气制动机的快运货车制动系统仿真分析

基于F8型空气制动机的原理和空气流动理论，建立了使用F8型空气制动机的列车制动系统模型，开发出计算机仿真程序。通过比较仿真与试验结果的缸、管压力与制动距离，证明程序的正确性。并使用仿真程序对使用F8型空气制动机的快运货物列车进行制动性能分析计算，计算结果显示快运货物列车各种制动性能正常，紧急制动距离符合《中华人民共和国铁路主要技术政策》中的有关规定，能够在规定距离内安全停车。F8型空气制动机可以作为快运货物列车的制动控制系统。     

丁字焊缝残余应力分布及振动消除应力的研究

本文采用 X 射线衍射法测定了丁字焊缝试板中的残余应力.根据大量的试验数据,找到了沿焊缝方向和垂直焊缝方向上,几个典型截面上的纵向和横向残余应力分布的一般规律;将丁字焊缝试板进行振动时效处理,再在原测点位置测定其残余应力的变化.试验结果发现,丁字焊缝试板上各测点的残余应力有所下降,其原始残余应力愈人,则下降率愈大,且应力分布趋于均匀化.     

室内无线分布系统的规划

室内信号的覆盖问题关系到移动通信服务的质量。根据室内无线分布系统组成，合理规划室内站分布，并结合实例提出几种解决方案，并对室内分布系统的优化提出建议。     

非弹性材料条件下施工期结构支撑体系荷载传递分析模型

施工期钢筋混凝土结构是时变结构,期间楼层承担的施工荷载随楼层位置和时间不断变化。本文在分析总结国内外研究成果的基础上,针对钢筋混凝土的不均质非弹性材料的特性,提出了更精确的施工期荷载传递结构模型和分析方法。并通过与前人实测数据和理论计算值进行比较,验证了其准确性和使用性。可为施工期结构安全分析和施工组织设计提供理论依据。     

An optical tire contact pressure test bench

An optical tire contact pressure test bench developed by the IMMa group is described. The measurement system is based on the frustration of total internal reflection (FTIR) of light. The test bench allows performing normal pressure distribution and patch contact shape measurements on passenger car tires. The system is based on the use of a laterally illuminated glass on which the tire leans. Between them a plastic interphase is located that will cause the FTIR of light. A video camera catches the formed shining image through the glass. The brightness level in each pixel of the image can be related to the existing normal pressure. The study of the contact patch provided by the bench makes it possible to characterize tire behaviour under different loading states, inflation pressure, tire defects and toe and camber angles. The bench incorporates a computerized load and control system of the tire operation parameters, an image acquisition module and a data acquisition system that allow monitoring and acting on the experimental variables of interest in the tests such as load on the tire and environmental conditions. A supporting mechanical system incorporated to the bench allows providing the tire with variable toe and camber angles. From the images obtained with this system, the maximum normal pressure points, total force, size and shape of the patch can be determined, which are related to the tire-use conditions. As an application example, results that show the patch size and shape under different load and tire inflation pressures are presented. A further application, which is the use of the system for the detection and study of defective tires is also presented.