某车型高压配电系统接动力电池插件高压互锁端子回缩问题改进

汽车高压配电系统(PDU)是汽车高压电能的集散、分配关键件,将来自动力电池的高压电能,通过各相关控制、经过高压继电器及熔断器准确传递至各高压用电器。相关传递是经过配电系统上高压线束及插件实现的,为确保安全,相关插接件上设置有高压互锁端子,利用低压电路监控高压电路连接状态,避免人员触电风险。相关高压互锁检测电路,是通过各插接件上的高压互锁端子实现传递的。当插接件间高压互锁端子出现回缩,系统为确保安全、将切断高压,直到问题解决。     

电动汽车与电网互动的关键问题研究综述

电动汽车大规模无序接入将给电网带来峰谷差增大、电能质量下降、电网运行优化控制难度增加等不利影响。应用电动汽车与电网互动技术（Vehicle-to-Grid, V2G）控制电动汽车的充放电过程,可有效缓解上述问题,并起到削峰填谷、平抑可再生能源的作用。近十年来,该项技术已成为电动汽车与电力系统领域的研究热点。阐述了电动汽车与电网互动的基本概念及发展现状,重点从电动汽车集群充电需求和放电能力的时空分布、基于V2G的协同调度、市场机制及经济运营三方面进行梳理,分析了V2G在“双碳”背景下的机遇和挑战,对电动汽车调度及应用问题研究中常用的求解方法进行了总结,同时展望了V2G技术的未来研究方向。     

汽油车和天然气汽车颗粒物排放特性研究

利用颗粒物数量测试仪器ELPI对瞬态循环下的汽油车和天然气汽车的颗粒物排放进行了测量研究,研究结果表明:汽油车排放的颗粒物明显多于天然气汽车,两种燃料车辆排放的颗粒物中粒径小于70nm的颗粒物均占绝对优势,占总排放量的80%～90%;大于200nm的颗粒物在总排放颗粒物中占的比例非常小;颗粒物数量排放浓度与车辆速度基本成正比例关系,颗粒物数量排放随速度的增加而增加;在车辆速度大于70km/h后,颗粒物数量排放随车速急剧增加.     

基于张吉怀铁路隧道衬砌缺陷控制的新型信息化衬砌台车研究与应用

为有效解决、控制和减少衬砌开裂、掉块、脱空等质量缺陷,保障隧道工程建设安全和运营安全,系统地研发了新型信息化衬砌台车,并形成了以衬砌施工信息为基础的隧道二次衬砌病害控制方法。采用旋转式对接快速分料系统,解决了混凝土离析和施工冷缝问题,提高了混凝土浇注施工效率;采用自动振捣系统,减少了漏振、欠振现象,有利于保证混凝土的密实度;采用V型槽零搭接装置,克服了顶裂施工缝的问题;采用可伸缩式堵头板解决了超欠挖时端模封堵的难题;采用信息采集与控制系统,实现了自动化和信息化施工。试验证明,采用新型信息化衬砌台车能够减少开裂、掉块、脱空等衬砌质量缺陷,有效提高衬砌施工质量。     

Independent control of all-wheel-drive torque distribution

The sophistication of all-wheel-drive (AWD) technology is approaching the point where the drive torque to each wheel can be independently controlled. This potentially offers vehicle handling enhancements similar to those provided by dynamic stability control, but without the inevitable reduction in vehicle acceleration. Independent control of AWD torque distribution would therefore be especially beneficial under acceleration close to the limit of stability. A vehicle model of a typical sports sedan was developed in Simulink, with fully independent control of torque distribution. Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to determine which torque distribution parameters have the greatest impact on the vehicle course and acceleration. A proportional-integral control strategy was implemented, applying yaw rate feedback to vary the front-rear torque distribution and lateral acceleration feedback to adjust the left-right distribution. The resulting system shows a significant improvement over conventional driveline configurations under aggressive cornering acceleration on a high-μ surface. The performance approaches the theoretical limit for these conditions. In the medium term, such a system is only likely to be economically viable for premium vehicles. However, a future revolution of powertrain technology towards, for example, wheel-mounted motors, could realize these handling benefits far more widely.     

基于载荷分布预分析的应变传感器布置

采用载荷分布预分析技术,对某MPV汽车后桥进行了有限元分析,得到了该后桥在静载、制动、转向及扭转4种工况下的应变云图和张量图。通过分析应变云图和张量图,确定了该后桥的关键受载部位及其主应力方向,然后处理标定试验数据,线性回归出后桥载荷一应变的函数关系,并通过实车道路试验结果分析验证了通过有限元分析确定出的后桥应变传感器贴片位置的正确性。     

大跨度连续刚构柔性拱组合结构受力效应分析

为研究大跨度连续刚构柔性拱组合结构受力效应,以宜万铁路宜昌长江大桥为背景,在总结该类结构体系特点的基础上,采用桥梁博士分析软件建立全桥平面有限元模型,对全桥桥面施加竖向均布荷载(二期恒载),分析拱梁内力、竖向荷载及跨中截面弯矩的分配;将该桥与孔跨组成及截面尺寸完全相同的连续刚构桥在恒、活载作用下的结构内力进行对比,分析组合结构的拱梁组合效应。分析结果表明:在竖向均布荷载作用下,连续刚构柔性拱组合结构跨中范围吊杆轴力增加较大;结构跨中截面总弯矩绝大部分已转化为拱肋压力与主梁拉力;与连续刚构相比,活载作用下,连续刚构柔性拱组合结构的主梁弯矩显著减小,结构刚度提高较大,柔性拱作用明显。     

考虑交通流动态分布的路面养护最优决策

为准确评估路面全生命周期用户成本以制定最优的路面养护策略,提出基于网络交通流均衡条件的路面养护多阶段动态规划最优决策模型,通过交通流的仿真,模拟用户成本在路网养护前、后以及生命周期各阶段的动态变化,并设计启发式迭代算法。该模型最小化的目标函数包含了生命周期的养护成本、用户成本、路面资产残值,约束条件主要由交通量守恒约束条件、养护预算约束、路面性能转移约束等。为证明模型的有效性,以一个具有10个路段的路网为例,采用提出的模型制定该路网连续20年的最优养护决策方案。研究结果表明：在每年养护预算确定的情况下,全生命周期路面养护最优方案是一个决策方案组合,该最优方案可以提高养护资金使用效率并有效减少用户成本,可为路面养护管理提供决策支持。通过对不同养护约束情景下的全生命周期用户成本的模拟表明：随着养护预算的增加,养护路段增多,导致用户成本增加,使养护成本的边际收益发生递减,养护预算在理论上具有一个最优值,并且养护成本收益与养护预算之间呈倒U形函数关系。     

中国高速公路事故特点及分布规律研究

中国的高速公路建设现在正处于快速发展时期,其事故发生率与事故严重程度与国外高速公路相比均高出很多,可以预见的是高速公路的安全形势将随着经济和社会的发展,以及汽车保有量和高速公路通车里程的增加,变得越来越严峻。在大量调研高速公路事故数据的基础上,利用统计分析的方法,研究讨论了我国高速公路交通事故的基本特点及分布规律,得出了一系列有价值的结论。研究结果可以为高速公路的交通安全管理与控制,以及交通事故的预测和预防提供良好的参考和借鉴。     

Development of destination choice model with pairwise district-level constants using taxi GPS data

In this paper, a destination choice model with pairwise district-level constants is proposed for trip distribution based on a nearly complete OD trip matrix in a region. It is found that the coefficients are weakly identified in a destination choice model with pairwise zone-level constants. Thus, a destination choice model with pairwise district-level constants is then proposed and an iterative algorithm is developed for model estimation. Herein, the “district” means a spatial aggregation of a number of zones. The proposed model is demonstrated through simulation experiments. Then, destination choice models with and without pairwise district-level constants are estimated based on GPS data of taxi passenger trips collected during morning peak hours within the Inner Ring Road of Shanghai, China. The datasets comprise 504,187 trip records and a sample of 10,000 taxi trips for model development. The zones used in the study are actually 961 residents’ committees while the districts are 52 residential districts that are spatial aggregations and upper-level administrative units of residents’ committees. It is found that the estimated value of time dramatically drops after the involvement of district-level constants, indicating that the traditional model tends to overestimate the value of time when ignoring pairwise associations between two zones in trip distribution. The proposed destination choice model can ensure its predicted trip OD matrix to match the observed one at district level. Thus, the proposed model has potential to be widely applied for trip distribution under the situation where a complete OD trip matrix can be observed.