出租车智能调度系统温室气体减排方法学研究

传统出租车巡游过程中,往往产生较大空驶距离,无谓的消耗大量的燃料,形成能源的浪费。本文通过对出租车智能调度系统使用前后空驶率的研究对比,量化出了出租车智能调度系统温室气体减排计算方法,为中国自愿减排项目运行提供技术支撑。     

基于现场试验的TBM滚刀磨损分析及预测

为准确判断和预测滚刀磨损生命周期,指导TBM安全、高效施工,采用现场跟踪试验和理论预测模型相结合的方法对滚刀磨 损进行分析研究。 由滚刀磨损机制分析得到,TBM滚刀磨损主要为磨粒磨损;基于滚刀破岩磨损现场跟踪试验,分析TBM滚刀磨 损失效形式,并结合刀盘刀具分布特点,研究滚刀磨损规律特性。 基于Rabinowicz磨粒磨损简化计算模型,引入CSM滚刀破岩模 型,构建滚刀磨损速率、线性磨损速率预测模型,对比分析高黎贡山正洞TBM 2 000 m掘进里程滚刀磨损实测数据与理论模型预测 结果。 结果表明: 1)正滚刀磨损发生规律性变化,中心滚刀易出现侧向滑移,边滚刀发生二次磨损; 2)TBM滚刀理论预测与实测 分析结果的相对误差小于10%,可准确预测滚刀磨损,同时得到正滚刀磨损速率与刀具、围岩物理参数具有相应的定量关系。     

过载保载对金属材料疲劳裂纹扩展速率影响研究

文章基于载荷次序效应产生影响的原因和相关预报模型,提出了考虑单峰过载和保载共同作用下疲劳裂纹扩展速率预报模型。在文中提出的考虑载荷次序效应的疲劳裂纹扩展速率预报模型的基础上,对几种金属材料在单峰过载、多峰过载、过载与保载共同作用下疲劳裂纹扩展速率进行了预报研究,并将预报结果与相应试验结果进行了比较,对考虑载荷次序效应的疲劳裂纹扩展速率预报模型的适用性进行了验证。     

Developing an activity-based trip generation model for small/medium size planning agencies

The primary shortcoming of traditional four-step models is that they cannot capture derived travel demand behaviors. However, travel demand modeling (TDM) is an essential input for urban transportation planning. TDM needs to be highly precise and accurate by integrating the accurate base year estimation along with suitable alternatives. Currently, activity-based models (ABMs) have been developed mostly for large metropolitan planning organizations (MPO), whereas smaller/medium-sized MPOs typically lack these models. The main reason for this disparity in ABM development is the complexity of the models and the cost and data requirements needed. We posit however that smaller MPOs could develop ABMs from traditional travel surveys. Therefore, the specific aim of this paper is to develop a probabilistic home-based destination activity trip generation model considering travel time behavior. Results show that the developed model can significantly capture the actual number of trip generations.     

Reducing average comprehensive travel cost by rationally allocating trips to different travel modes

To study the effect of different transport policies on reducing the average comprehensive travel cost (CTC) of all travel modes, by increasing public transport modal share and decreasing car trips, an optimization model is developed based on travel cost utility. A nested logit model is applied to analyze trip modal split. A Genetic Algorithm is then used to determine the implementation of optimal solutions in which various transport policies are applied in order to reduce average CTC. The central urban region of Beijing is selected as the study area in this research. Different policies are analyzed for comparison, focusing on their optimal impacts on minimizing the average CTC utility of all travel modes by rationally allocating trips to different travel modes in the study area. It is found that the proposed optimization model provides a reasonable indication of the effect of policies applied.     

TDCS/CTC系统核心路由器内存占用率高的隐患排除措施

针对太原局普速TDCS/CTC系统中心核心路由器内存占用率持续升高的安全隐患进行深入分析,明确了4个方面的主要原因,提出相应措施以降低其内存占用率,有效地规避了运行风险,确保TDCS/CTC系统安全稳定运行.     

螺旋藻生产中两种碳营养源的对比研究

在螺旋藻工业化生产中,通常采用NaHCO3作为碳营养源。本实验以极大螺旋藻作为实验材料,分别采用NaHCO3和CO2作为碳营养源,研究培养过程中螺旋藻的生长速率、培养液的pH值变化和螺旋藻体的形态,探索降低螺旋藻生产成本的方法。实验结果表明:利用CO2来代替NaHCO3作为螺旋藻生产的碳营养源,既可以大幅度地降低螺旋藻生产成本,又有利于培养液维持较为稳定的pH值,使螺旋藻能够保持良好的生长状态,从而延长培养液使用期限。     

用于船舶计程仪速度标定的高精度旋转系统研究

研制了一种进行船用计程仪速度标定的高精度旋转系统．系统由旋转机构、直流电机驱动装置和计算机控制系统组成．通过采用高精度的硬件定时器实现转速的准确测量,利用windows平台下的多媒体时钟进行定时采样及实时控制,使旋转系统的转速控制精度达到了1‰FS．     

出行源点用地的居民出行生成预测

从居民出行产生的根源--用地入手,分析我国经济快速发展时期城市用地的新特征,引入出行源点的概念并分析其产生机理.在此基础上提出既经济又适用的基于用地功能产生率法的改进方法--基于出行源点土地利用的居民出行生成预测体系,并对体系中的模型进行了检验和修正.最后,应用该方法预测北京南中轴快速公交项目客流密度,既节省人力物力,又可得出可靠结果.     

冻土非线性临界应变能释放率的测试方法

针对冻土材料的非线性特点,讨论了非线性临界应变能释放率GC的测试原理和方法,推导了相应的计算公式和参数确定的方法;然后给出了单边裂纹三点弯曲试样和单边“人”字切口试样的实验测试步骤和结果。结果表明,2种试样线弹性应变能释放率GC存在明显差别,但是,“人”字切口试样的GC与单边裂纹试样的GC*一致,说明非线性应变能释放率不强烈依赖于试样的类型。