Daily activity and travel sequences of students,faculty and staff at a large Canadian university

This paper examines the activity engagement, sequencing and timing of activities for student, faculty and staff commuter groups at the largest university in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. The daily activity patterns of all university community groups are modeled using the classification and regression tree classifier algorithm. The data used for this study are derived from the Environmentally Aware Travel Diary Survey (EnACT) conducted in spring 2016 at Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia. Results show that there are significant differences in activity and travel behavior between university population segments and the general population in the region, and between campus groups. For example, students participate in more recreation activities compared to faculty and staff. They also take more trips to and from campus, and are more flexible in their scheduling of trips. The insights gained from this study will provide helpful information for promoting sustainability across university campuses, and for development of campus-based travel demand management strategies.     

Aggregating mobile object trajectories: cumulative time geographic density estimation for GPS data

We present new approaches that expand upon the time geographic density estimation (TGDE) framework previously employed to estimate potential path trees. In the past, TGDE metrics have identified possible locations an individual moving object may have passed between, given known origin and destination points. This paper utilizes a new form of TGDE to investigate taxicab GPS traces over a specified time horizon with position ‘gaps’. To this end, we propose a new extension to the TGDE framework, TGDE-C, which is used to determine the cumulative TGDE values for a group of GPS traces, at a given location. These metrics are applied to multiple taxis and allow for time of day analysis. Additionally, we combine these new extensions with existing TGDE metrics that allow us to determine how accessible individual or groups of vehicles are to urban opportunities.     

The “field of safe travel” revisited: interpreting driving behaviour performance through a holistic approach

The present paper proposes a conceptual framework for the driver’s visual–spatial perceptual processes. Based on a theoretical analysis of driving proposed by Gibson and Crooks [(1938). A theoretical field-analysis of automobile-driving. The American Journal of Psychology, 51, 453–471. doi:10.2307/1416145], the developed field of safe travel (FoST) framework suggests that at any moment the driver constructs a “field” by integrating two perceptual entities: (i) the possible available spatial fields for locomotion and (ii) the driver’s mental image of ego-vehicle outer-line and motion dynamics. This framework is used to reinterpret in a unified way a number of disparate research findings reported in the literature concerning specific driving sub-tasks (e.g. lane keeping and car following). It is argued that the FoST framework may be used to predict drivers’ behaviour in various traffic/situation environments based on their prioritisation between the above two perceptual entities. Implications of the proposed framework at a theoretical and practical level, in view of the future of driving with multiple levels of automation, are also discussed.     

Impact of regional population density on walking behavior

Land use can influence walking (measured by the number of steps) and so the health of people. This paper presents the result of empirical research on the impact of regional population densities (inhabitants per inhabitable area) on the number of steps (all steps, both outdoors and indoors). With data collected from almost 11,000 respondents in 148 Japanese regions, we estimate polynomial regression models, the total number of steps being the dependent variable and densities being the main independent variable. Regional population density significantly affects the number of steps after controlling for individual and household attributes. The estimated population density that maximizes the number of steps is around 11,000?persons/km². Increasing densities, up to levels of around 11,000?inhabitants/km², could increase walking and consequently the health of inhabitants. The population density elasticity of the number of steps is 0.046–0.049 in a simple log linear regression model without a peak.     

波浪中破损船舶的运动响应研究

波浪中破损船舶的运动会同时受到波浪激励和进出水的影响,而船体运动也会影响进出水过程,二者的相互影响机理十分复杂.本文重点研究波浪中破舱进出水对船舶运动响应的影响,文中首先基于势流理论建立了考虑破舱进出水的4DOF(横荡-垂荡-横摇-纵摇)相互耦合时域预报方法,在计算中假设舱内的液面水平,利用修正的伯努利方程模拟破舱进/出水,利用Ikeda's经验公式修正阻尼系数.然后以一艘ITTC破损稳性标模为例,研究了波浪中考虑破舱进出水的数学模型以及破舱进出水对运动响应的影响,并研究了不同自由度、破舱口位置对运动响应的影响.研究表明,本文基于势流理论建立的时域预报方法可以定量的预报破损船舶的运动响应.     

基于船模水池试验的船舶顺浪纯稳性损失计算扩展模式

船舶顺浪航行的纯稳性损失研究,已成为国际航海界和国际海事组织(IMO)关注的课题之一.在Ю.И.涅查耶夫根据28艘渔船和运输船船模水池试验的船舶顺浪纯稳性损失计算方法的基础上,提出了扩展模式,扩大了其适用范围,并给出了大长宽比(船长/船宽)舰艇纯稳性损失的算例,同时实现了该扩展模式的程序化,生成了实用化的软件.最后通过与CFD试验方法和一般理论计算法所得结果的对比,验证了该扩展模式计算结果的可信度.     

路基拓宽工程中桩承式加筋路堤处理的数值分析

为掌握拓宽路堤荷载作用下桩承式加筋路堤的工作特性及其处理效果,建立了三维有限元分析模型,采用土水耦合单元模拟地基土,三维薄膜单元模拟土工格栅,并基于接触单元考虑桩土界面的状态非线性,从土拱效应、土工格栅的拉膜效应以及桩土作用等方面验证了桩承式加筋路堤的工作机理。计算结果表明:土工格栅最大拉力发生在原坡脚位置的桩帽边缘处,外侧桩帽边缘的格栅应力逐渐减小;桩承式加筋路堤可使地表不均匀沉降由50.0 cm减小为8.3 cm,超孔隙水压力由63.7 kPa下降为11.0 kPa,并避免了老路基顶面出现的反坡现象,但在老路基处仍出现了较大的地基沉降和超孔隙水压力,故应充分重视老路边坡位置的地基处理。     

城市快速路匝道最小间距模型

匝道间距是路线设计中的重要内容,对交通流有决定性的影响。根据城市快速匝道的特点,应用驾驶员行为理论,模拟了驾驶员城市快速匝道上的驾驶行为。认为匝道间距是影响城市快速路主线运行状况的关键因素。为了合理确定匝道最小间距,必须确定匝道组合模式和计算匝道加减速车道长度,并计算出车流从匝道汇入主线后,由于车流变道而形成交织车流长度。由此建立了不同匝道组合模式下的匝道最小间距模型。应用实例表明。当匝道间距不能满足最小间距时,车速降低,服务水平下降。     

钢绞线网-复合砂浆加固钢筋混凝土梁的受弯性能

分析了钢绞线网-复合砂浆加固钢筋混凝土梁的荷载-挠度曲线,研究了加固层与本体梁界面的粘结机理。将钢筋混凝土梁的受力性能分为未裂阶段、裂缝阶段和破坏阶段,在平截面假定的基础上,建立了高强钢绞线网-复合砂浆加固梁的截面弯矩-跨中挠度分析模型。采用换算截面法对加固梁在集中荷载作用下的抗弯性能进行全过程受力分析,并通过10根加...     

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采用意向调查与行为模型分析相结合的方法,量化研究油价影响下我国居民的出行行为特征,识别典型响应行为,筛选显著影响因素,建立居民出行方式选择模型.结果表明,油价上涨将影响大部分潜在购车者的购车意向,改变其购车计划;油价对小汽车出行者的影响更加显著,减少用车频率、避免高峰出行、改变出行方式是私家车主应对油价上涨的最常用措施;以地铁为代表的公共交通是首选的替代出行方式,经济状况、家庭结构等在很大程度上决定了出行者对小汽车的依赖程度.通过燃油税对油价进行调节,将对我国城市交通结构的优化、交通状况的改善起到关键作用;建议在实施过程中,充分考虑油价对不同居民的影响特点,提高实施效果.该研究可为我国交通需求管理策略的制定提供参考.