石家庄地铁一期运营的社会经济效益研究

本文基于建设项目的费用与效益的识别原则以及有无对比法的思路,分析社会经济效益的构成。以石家庄市地铁1、3号线一期工程为蓝本,从受益者的角度将社会经济效益从轨道交通的建设者、轨道交通的使用者以及社会生态环境等方面系统地阐述城轨交通的建设给城市带来的外部效益。基于以往社会效益量化模型,对石家庄地铁的社会效益进行量化分析,并对其中可量化的效益给出计量模型,最后对石家庄轨道交通一期运营的社会经济效益进行估算。     

道路运输企业发展甩挂运输的效益研究

甩挂运输是一种先进的运输组织方式,是提高道路运输效率的重要手段,对于促进节能减排,推动道路运输业的发展具有重要意义。本文针对某一具体甩挂运输企业构建数学模型并从固定成本、变动成本两个方面对其进行经济效益评价,从油耗、二氧化碳排放量和污染物排放量三个方面进行节能减排评价,进而论证得出了甩挂运输具有提高经济效益和节能减排的优势。     

Application of perceived value model to identify factors affecting passengers' repurchase intentions on city bus: A case of the Taipei metropolitan area

This paper establishes and tests the perceived value model, which is applied to identify the factors affecting the passengers' repurchase intentions on city bus. In this study, perceived value is a trade-off between perceived benefits and perceived costs. And the main part of perceived benefits is service quality. We (1) measured service quality using a multiple-items scale, (2) integrated perceived non-monetary price as a part of perceived costs, and (3) simultaneously incorporated the attractiveness of alternative modes. Data was collected via a questionnaire survey in the Taipei metropolitan area and the model was tested using path analysis performed by LISREL. The results indicate that all causal relationships are statistical significant. Finally, this study concludes by discussing managerial implications and making suggestions for future research.     

普速铁路钢轨服役状态评估方法及应用效果

通过分析国内外换轨周期模式,提出了普速铁路在役钢轨服役状态评估方法和参数,建立了跟踪分析试验段。运用试验段数据统计分析了自上道以来的钢轨伤损与累计通过总质量的关系并掌握了钢轨打磨和使用情况。应用所提出的钢轨服役状态评估方法和参数将试验段原定换轨周期由累计通过总质量7亿t延长到累计通过总质量近10亿t,并分析了换轨周期延长后的经济效益。研究成果为钢轨使用和管理部门延长钢轨使用寿命提供了分析方法和范例。     

客运电力机车轴箱轴承使用寿命探讨

通过对郑州机务段客运电力机车轴箱轴承的设计疲劳寿命计算以及对机务段多年轴承检测情况进行统计分析,提出了合理延长此类轴承使用周期的建议,以避免因此类轴承使用寿命期规定过短造成的过剩维修,达到节约大量材料和资金的目的。     

两种超薄沥青路面混合料性能比较

SMA-10沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料和ECA-10易密实沥青混凝土适用于沥青路面厚度为2.5～3.0cm,对于道路改建和养护工程有很好的使用效果和经济效益。文章对比这2种沥青混合料各项性能指标,结果表明高温稳定性和低温抗裂性能相当,都能满足规范要求,考虑经济性性能则SMA-10更能体现出优势。     

重庆市轨道交通社会效用CVM评估分析

以重庆市轨道交通为研究对象,尝试用计量经济学检验法对评估结果进行了检验,并且运用条件价值评估法对重庆轨道交通远景规划700 km的远景线网目标实现后的社会效用经济效益进行评估分析,证明了条件价值评估法评估结果的有效性。     

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第十届智能交通系统世界大会于2003年11月16-20日在西班牙首都马德里召开，中国科技部、交通部、公安部、建设部和北京市均派代表参加。简要介绍了本次大会的情况，并对大会上反映出的一些亮点及技术动向进行了介绍和评述。在介绍国外情况的基础上，笔者对国内智能交通系统的发展方向进行了讨论，提出在建设小康社会的前提下，智能交通系统需要考虑的外部环境和约束条件，并对今后一段时间内中国智能交通系统开发和应用的重点提出了建议.     

金台铁路速度目标值研究

以金华至台州铁路为背景,针对其速度目标值研究,认为应根据该铁路在路网中的功能定位、客流构成特点、时间目标值要求及与相邻路网速度目标值的匹配情况等因素,提出可能的速度目标值方案,而后分析不同速度目标值方案对工程投资、运营成本及铁路技术装备等的影响,以综合效益最大化为目标,选择研究年度最优速度目标值.最后,对推荐的速度目标值方案与路网、铁路技术发展等进行适应性分析,得出速度目标值的研究结论.     

Potential Benefits of Coastal Ocean Observing Systems to Alaskan Commercial Fisheries

In this article we attempt to illustrate the potential benefits to Alaskan commercial fisheries expected from enhancements to the Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS) through changes in fishery management strategies. In particular we show how the use of improved AOOS data in research, stock assessment, and ultimately fisheries management has the potential to result in significant benefits in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska groundfish and Kodiak king crab fisheries. We show through a case study approach that information such as might be provided by an enhanced AOOS could conceivably contribute over $600 million in additional annual revenue in Alaska's groundfish fishery. In addition we estimate that had the information from such a system been available in the 1970s and 1980s the Kodiak king crab stock collapse could have been avoided and $60 million in annual revenues generated. Benefit estimates (as measured by revenue increases) are based on the assumptions that when better data is delivered those data will be integrated into stock assessment models; when better data are integrated into the models the new data will actually improve the reliability of the models; and when the reliability of the models is improved predictions will be accepted by managers or industry members.