自主神经功能检测对早期糖尿病自主神经功能损害的诊断价值

目的评价自主神经功能检测对早期糖尿病自主神经功能损害的诊断价值。方法50例2型糖尿病患者进行自主神经功能检查,即交感皮肤反应和心血管自主神经功能检测,并与30名健康人进行对比分析。结果糖尿病患者自主神经功能检测中交感皮肤反应,瓦氏比值和深呼吸时心率变异与对照组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05),三者的异常率分别为70%,46%和50%;以交感皮肤反应的异常率最高,尤其以双下肢明显。立卧位血压差和冰水试验与对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),其异常率分别为12%和16%。结论检测外周器官自主神经功能状态的方法中以交感皮肤反应的阳性率最高,可以作为检测早期糖尿病自主神经功能的常规筛选检查。     

高速公路沥青路面压实度控制现状及措施

压实度对高速公路沥青路面的路用性能和使用寿命有重要影响。依托重庆某高速公路工程的实际情况,开展沥青路面压实度分析研究。根据工程实测数据,分析高速公路沥青路面施工过程中压实度的质量控制现状,并由此提出提高压实度及减小压实度变异性的施工控制措施,对以后的高速公路沥青路面施工质量控制具有参考价值。     

A framework for travel time variability analysis using urban traffic incident data

This study aims to develop a framework to estimate travel time variability caused by traffic incidents using integrated traffic, road geometry, incident, and weather data. We develop a series of robust regression models based on the data from a stretch in California's highway system during a two-year period. The models estimate highway clearance time and percent changes in speed for both downstream and upstream sections of the incident bottleneck. The results indicate that highway shoulder and lane width factor adversely impact downstream highway clearance time. Next, travel time variability is estimated based on the proposed speed change models. The results of the split-sample validation show the effectiveness of the proposed models in estimating the travel time variability. Application of the model is examined using a micro-simulation, which demonstrates that equipping travelers with the estimated travel time variability in case of an incident can improve the total travel time by almost 60%. The contribution of this research is to bring several datasets together, which can be advantageous to Traffic Incident Management.     

美托洛尔对高血压病患者心率变异性的影响

探讨美托洛尔对高血压病患者心率变异性 ( Heart rate variability,HRV)的影响。方法　 40例高血压病患者于口服美托洛尔 ( 50～ 1 0 0 mg/d)前及 4周后分别行 2 4 h动态心电图检查 ,分析心率变异时域指标 SDNN、SDANN、SDNNI、RMSSD、PNN50的变化 ;30例正常人作为对照。结果　高血压病患者服药前 HRV各时域指标均较正常组显著下降 ;使用美托洛尔后可显著降低其血压水平 ,伴有 HRV各时域指标显著增高。结论　高血压病患者存在 HRV降低 ;β受体阻滞剂在有效降压的同时可显著改善患者的 HRV,提示该药具有改善高血压病心脏自主神经损害的有益作用     

土性参数变异性对路堤稳定风险率影响分析

将有限元模拟、蒙特卡罗法与径向基理论相结合,建立了一个可用于评价土性参数变异性对路堤稳定风险影响的随机模型。以佛山\"一环\"南线K13+340为研究背景,分析了软土层粘聚力、摩擦角的变异性对路堤稳定风险率的影响,结果表明,软土层力学指标的变异性对路堤稳定风险影响显著,摩擦角的随机变异性对路堤稳定的平均影响大于粘聚力。     

The same mode again? An exploration of mode choice variability in Great Britain using the National Travel Survey

The main focus of travel behaviour research has been explaining differences in behaviour between individuals (interpersonal variability) with less emphasis given to the variability of behaviour within individuals (intrapersonal variability). The subject of this paper is the variability of transport modes used by individuals in their weekly travel. Our review shows that previous studies have not allowed the full use of different modes in weekly travel to be taken into account, have used categorical variables as simple indicators of modal variability and have only considered a limited set of explanatory indicators in seeking to explain modal variability. In our analysis we use National Travel Survey data for Great Britain. We analyse modal variability with continuous measures of modal variability (Herfindahl–Hirschman Index, the difference in mode share between the primary and secondary mode, the total number of modes used). Taking inspiration from Hägerstrand (1970), we conceive that modal variability is determined by different types of spatial mobility constraints and find that reduced modal variability is predicted for having mobility difficulties, being aged over 60, being non-white, working full-time, living in smaller settlement, lower household income, having regular access to a car, having no public transport pass/season ticket and not owning a bicycle. The findings can support a change in perspective in transport policy from encouraging people to replace the use of one mode with another to encouraging people to make a change to their relative use of different transport modes.     

基于云模型的出行时间波动性评价

出行时间波动的评价计算是一个定量算法,人们对其的理解则是一个定性的模糊概念,要充分利用出行时间波动这一概念来研究相关的交通问题需实现定量向定性转化的过程.云模型能够实现用语言描述的定性概念与其定量表示之间的不确定性转换.基于此,文中提出了一种出行时间波动评价的新方法,即利用云模型进行出行时间波动评价.介绍了云模型的基本概念,提出了利用云模型评价出行时间波动的流程,即构建波动标准云,波动实际云并比较其相似度评价出行时间波动.利用南京市5路公交车线路的统计数据进行实例计算,说明该方法的具有普遍适用性.