THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SPONTANEOUS NOCTURNALEPISODES OF ALKALINIZATION AND AUTONOMIC NERVOUSFUNCTION ON FD PATIENTS

Spontaneousnocturnalepisodesofalkaliniza-tionduringtheearlymorningareseenin7o%~8o%ofnormalsubjectsandfunctionaldispepsia(FD)patientswhoundergoprolongedambulatoryintragastricpHmonitoring"."-Thedurationsofalkalineshiftsarefromhalfanhourtoseveralhours,thepHelevatesto7andeven8.However,controversyexistsovertheiretiology.Someinves-tigatorshavepostulatedbutnotprovedthatthereasonisadecreaseofvagaIactivitywithasubse-quentdecreaseinacidsecretiontl'3].Heartratevariability(HRV)representsanoninvasivean…     

On including travel time reliability of road traffic in appraisal

In many countries, decision-making on proposals for national or regional infrastructure projects in passenger and freight transport includes carrying out a cost–benefit analysis for these projects. Reductions in travel times are usually a key benefit. However, if a project also reduces the variability of travel time, travellers, freight operators and shippers will enjoy additional benefits, the ‘reliability benefits’. Until now, these benefits are usually not included in the cost–benefit analysis. To include reliability of travel or transport time in the cost–benefit analysis of infrastructure projects not only monetary values of reliability, but also reliability forecasting models are needed. As a result of an extensive feasibility study carried out for the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development this paper aims to provide a literature overview and outcomes of an expert panel on how best to calculate and monetise reliability benefits, synthesised into recommendations for implementing travel time reliability into existing transport models in the short, medium, and long term. The paper focuses on road transport, which has also been the topic for most of the available literature on modelling and valuing transport time reliability.     

高速公路沥青路面施工参数变异性分析

对沥青路面施工过程中的控制指标如级配、油石比、压实度、厚度等进行了变异性统计分析，对所呈现出的变异性规律进行了探讨，对沥青路面施工控制中如何减少施工参数变异性具有一定参考价值。     

早期复极综合症心率变异性改变

观察了３１例早期复极综合症（ＥａｒｌｙｒｅＰｏｌａｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ，ＥＲＳ）Ａ２９例正常对照组·Ｃ率变异（Ｈｅａｒｔｒａｔｅｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙ，ＨＲＶ）五个时域指标的改变。结果发现，ＥＲＳ组相邻正常Ｒ－Ｒ问期差值的均万根ＧｅｑｕａｒｅｒｏｏｔｄｔｈｅｍｅａｎｓｑｕａｒｅｄｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｄＳｕｅ－ｃｅｓｓｉｖｅＮＮｉｎｔｅｒｖａｌｓ，ｒＭＳＳＤ）及相邻Ｗ常Ｒ－Ｒ问期至值大于５０ｍｓｉ６数占总Ｒ－Ｒ间期数的百分比（ＰｒｏＰｏｒｔｉｏｎｏｆＮＮ　ｉｎｔｅｒｖａｌｇｒｅａｔｅｒｔｈａｎ５０ｍｓ，ＰＮＮｓ。）较对照增高，其余指标无明显差异。提示ＥＲＳ存在到交感神经活性增高。ＥＲＳ·Ｏ率变异的特征性改变对于该症的诊断及鉴别诊断具有一定意义。     

Evolving the subspace of the three-dimensional multiscale ocean variability: Massachusetts Bay

A data and dynamics driven approach to estimate, decompose, organize and analyze the evolving three-dimensional variability of ocean fields is outlined. Variability refers here to the statistics of the differences between ocean states and a reference state. In general, these statistics evolve in time and space. For a first endeavor, the variability subspace defined by the dominant eigendecomposition of a normalized form of the variability covariance is evolved. A multiscale methodology for its initialization and forecast is outlined. It combines data and primitive equation dynamics within a Monte-Carlo approach.The methodology is applied to part of a multidisciplinary experiment that occurred in Massachusetts Bay in late summer and early fall of 1998. For a 4-day time period, the three-dimensional and multivariate properties of the variability standard deviations and dominant eigenvectors are studied. Two variability patterns are discussed in detail. One relates to a displacement of the Gulf of Maine coastal current offshore from Cape Ann, with the creation of adjacent mesoscale recirculation cells. The other relates to a Bay-wide coastal upwelling mode from Barnstable Harbor to Gloucester in response to strong southerly winds. Snapshots and tendencies of physical fields and trajectories of simulated Lagrangian drifters are employed to diagnose and illustrate the use of the dominant variability covariance. The variability subspace is shown to guide the dynamical analysis of the physical fields. For the stratified conditions, it is found that strong wind events can alter the structures of the buoyancy flow and that circulation features are more variable than previously described, on multiple scales. In several locations, the factors estimated to be important include some or all of the atmospheric and surface pressure forcings, and associated Ekman transports and downwelling/upwelling processes, the Coriolis force, the pressure force, inertia and mixing.     

Propagation and origin of warm anomalies in the Angola Benguela upwelling system in 2001

Warmer than average sea surface temperatures were observed by the Tropical Rainfall Mission Microwave Imager in the Angola Benguela Current system in late austral summer 2001 and persisted for about three months. These coastal anomalies extended offshore by 1 to 4° longitude and were not due to local ocean atmosphere interaction or relaxation of the upwelling favorable southerly winds. Instead, they were remotely forced by ocean atmosphere interaction in the Tropical Atlantic. Satellite remote sensing and a linear ocean model suggest that relaxation of trade winds along the equator triggered Kelvin waves that crossed the basin within a month in early 2001. Westerly wind anomalies were also observed in December 2000 and January 2001 over most of the Tropical Atlantic contributing to a warm preconditioning due to an enhancement of the oceanic annual cycle. This led to abnormal sea level heights near equatorial Africa that propagated southwards along the coast towards the Angola Benguela Frontal zone. This process increased the seasonal penetration of warm and salty water of tropical origin into the Angola Benguela upwelling system.     

The impact of exceptionally warm summer inflow events on the environmental conditions in the Bornholm Basin

In late summer 2002 and 2003, exceptionally warm inflow events of saline water were observed in the Baltic. These warm saline waters were embedded in the halocline of the Bornholm Basin and caused a strong anomaly of the seasonal temperature cycle. The temperature in October 2002 was the highest ever observed in the halocline of the Bornholm Basin.Although the oxygen content of the inflowing water was only about 1.5 ml l^− 1 at the Darss Sill, it caused a moderate ventilation of the halocline in the Bornholm Basin. On the way through the Arkona Basin, the entrainment of ambient water increased the oxygen content of the inflowing saline water masses.Warm summer inflows were rare events in the last 50 years, but their frequency has increased since 1990. This is likely caused by climate change. The analysis of a 50-year time series of hydrographic parameters reveals significant changes of the thermal regime around the year 1988. The winter surface and intermediate water temperatures of the Bornholm Basin increased by about 1 °C. Also, the duration of warm water in the surface layer was prolonged after 1988. A high correlation between the minimum intermediate winter water temperatures and the NAO winter index was found.Since temperature is a key parameter for many biological processes various responses of the ecosystem to the change in hydrographic conditions could be expected. Possible biological implications of the warm inflow events for the ecosystem are discussed.     

脑电双频谱指数和心率变异指数联合用于监测腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者麻醉深度的临床观察

目的采用脑电双频谱指数(BIS)和心率变异指数(HRVI)联合监测腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的麻醉深度,观察手术患者中枢神经系统的抑制程度及植物神经系统对外科手术等伤害刺激的反应性,更加合理地评价腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的麻醉深度。方法选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,全麻下择期腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者80例,依麻醉深度检测手段的不同随机分为4组:对照组(组Ⅰ)、BIS监测组(组Ⅱ)、HRVI监测组(组Ⅲ)、BIS和HRVI联合监测组(组Ⅳ),维持BIS值40~50,HRVI值30~40。结果麻醉期间组Ⅳ丙泊酚的使用量显著低于组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ;组Ⅲ、组Ⅳ瑞芬太尼的使用量显著高于组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ;组Ⅳ苏醒时间显著短于组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ;拔管后患者烦躁例数组Ⅲ、组Ⅳ显著低于组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ。4组患者术后均未发生术中知晓。结论采用BIS和HRVI联合监测腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者的麻醉深度,可以较为准确地反映手术患者中枢神经系统的抑制程度及植物神经系统对外科手术等伤害刺激的反应性,可更加合理地评价麻醉深度。     

基于随机场理论的吹填土土性参数空间变异性

根据围海造陆工程吹填场地大量勘察资料,通过采用土层剖面随机场理论与曲线极限法相关距离计算方法,考虑相关距离与土层厚度对土性参数空间变异性的影响,把土性参数的点变异性与空间变异性联系起来,对吹填淤泥与原状淤泥组成的双层软土土性参数的变异性进行了分析。结果表明:吹填淤泥与原状淤泥相关距离的区间估计分别为0.45～0.53 m、0.65～0.71 m,为勘察工作钻孔取样竖向间距选取提供参考;随机场理论计算出的土性参数的空间变异系数比点变异系数小得多,在理论上更合理;吹填淤泥土性参数的点变异性、空间变异性均比原状淤泥大,空间变异性对岩土工程可靠性设计土性参数准确选取的影响更为显著,实际工程中更应考虑土性参数的空间变异性。     

再生沥青混合料配合比设计影响因素试验研究

从研究再生沥青混合料性能差异出发,采用3因素3水平正交试验,重点考察了再生沥青混合料中沥青针入度、沥青含量和矿料细度模数3个因素对再生沥青混合料配合比设计中各体积参数的影响效果,得出配合比设计质量控制的科学办法.通过定性的直观分析和定量的方差分析,得出各因素对体积参数影响效果的排序为:矿料细度模数>沥青含量>沥青针入度...