基于分离矩阵的步长自适应EASI算法

首次提出将分离矩阵用于对在线盲分离算法中步长自适应控制,并在认真分析相关固定步长和变步长EASI算法的基础上,将其加以运用,提出了一种新的步长自适应EASI算法。该算法步长是基于分离矩阵的,其学习速率由信号的分离程度自适应地选取,因而能很好地解决收敛速度和稳态误差之间的矛盾。计算机仿真结果与理论分析相一致,证实了该算法明显优于其他固定步长或变步长的EASI算法。     

不对称变截面箱梁桥在悬臂施工阶段扭转控制分析

采用空间理论方法、剪力流理论及Prandtl的薄膜比拟法,推导出了不对称箱型变截面梁悬臂施工扭转角度和剪力计算公式.并用该公式对重庆鱼洞长江大桥在悬臂施工阶段箱梁扭转变形及受力进行了计算分析.计算结果证实了,在施工阶段因恒载和施工荷载的不对称分布产生的扭矩对主箱梁的扭转变形影响不大,箱梁所受到的内力在施工控制许容范围内.     

2006年武汉市城市交通状况分析

从机动车保有量持续增长、私人小汽车进入家庭的步伐不断加快的问题入手,对2006年武汉市城市交通状况进行了分析:城市公共交通虽然有了一定进步,但仍然存在不少问题;城市停车缺口将继续扩大,2007年停车难将进一步加剧;重点地区如中心区、商业区与过江交通拥堵加剧,并且问题越来越严重.在此基础上,对城市交通问题提出了思考与对策,从交通供给与需求、居住与就业、交通管理与公共交通策略等几方面进行了论述,指出优先发展城市公共交通是"实施国家可持续发展、建设资源节约型社会、环境友好型社会、构建和谐社会等重大战略的重要组成部分".     

基于变转速控制的负载敏感系统研究

传统的纯电驱动工程机械利用电机来模拟发动机的功能,没有燃油消耗和污染排放,符合目前节能减排的趋势,但电机调速性能和过载能力未得到充分利用;另外,动力总成发生了变化,但相应的控制策略没有充分考虑液压系统的工作特点而进行有效的优化和完善,因此,整机的动力性、节能性、操控性和安全性等均有待提高。为进一步降低能耗,提高纯电驱动工程机械的效率,提出一种基于变转速控制的定量泵负载敏感系统,并针对定压差不能满足工程机械在复杂工况下的高效性问题,提出一种变压差控制策略,使系统在不同工况下进一步满足对动态响应或节能性的需求。建立了该负载敏感系统变压差控制的仿真模型,并在某8 t纯电驱动挖掘机上对所提出的控制策略进行测试。结果表明：系统压差与先导压力变化一致,仅与操纵阀杆的位移有关,而与负载压力的变化无关。在复合运动需要大流量时可通过操作手柄使先导压力增大,实现大范围无流量饱和功能,且在整个过程中流量变化曲线平滑,整机运行无抖动现象,具有较好的操控性;在压差为1 MPa时消耗的能量仅为压差3 MPa时的2/3;在低速需要小流量时,通过操作手柄保证系统压差处于较低水平,从而降低了系统的压力损耗,提高了系统的节能性。所提出的变转速控制负载敏感系统变压差控制策略能有效降低能耗,提高系统的操控性。     

大型自航绞吸挖泥船的发展与新的技术要求

论文介绍了国内外自航绞吸挖泥船的发展现状,对比了国内外大型自航绞吸挖泥船技术特点,提出了大型自航绞吸挖泥船新的技术要求;探讨了自航绞吸挖泥船装机功率科学合理增加的可行性;文中表述了绞吸式挖泥船关键技术的研究和应用。     

Identifying transit deserts for low-income commuters in Wuhan Metropolitan Area,China

The rapid expansion of many Chinese cities has put increasing pressure on existing urban transportation systems. Using Baidu users’ location data, this research analyzes the spatial patterns of the transit systems and commuter flows in Wuhan Metropolitan Area, China, and identifies transit deserts affecting low-income commuters. The results show that, first, most transit demand are generated by trips between neighboring communities, while large transit supply tends to occur between distant communities in the region. Second, about 11.21% of low-income commuters are affected by transit deserts in Wuhan Metropolitan Area. In detail, 61.30% of them commute within the city centers and 36.06% of them commute within the suburbs. Only about 2.64% of them actually travel between city centers and suburbs. Third, for low-income suburban commuters, transit deserts occur when they are surrounded by low-density transit infrastructure and low-frequency transit services, which makes it very difficult for them to connect to rest of the region. However, for low-income commuters residing in the city centers, transit deserts are mainly caused by the large numbers of transit-dependent people competing for limited transit supply in the areas. This research explores the relationship between transit systems and commuting demand in a major Chinese metropolitan area. The findings could help guide future transit system planning in China and beyond.     

Electric vehicle charging station locations: Elastic demand,station congestion,and network equilibrium

Battery-only electric vehicles (BEVs) generally offer better air quality through lowered emissions, along with energy savings and security. The issue of long-duration battery charging makes charging-station placement and design key for BEV adoption rates. This work uses genetic algorithms to identify profit-maximizing station placement and design details, with applications that reflect the costs of installing, operating, and maintaining service equipment, including land acquisition. Fast electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) are placed across a congested city's network subject to stochastic demand for charging under a user-equilibrium traffic assignment. BEV users’ station choices consider endogenously determined travel times and on-site charging queues. The model allows for congested-travel and congested-station feedback into travelers’ route choices under elastic demand and BEV owners’ station choices, as well as charging price elasticity for BEV charging users.Boston-network results suggest that EVCSs should locate mostly along major highways, which may be a common finding for other metro settings. If 10% of current EV owners seek to charge en route, a user fee of $6 for a 30-min charging session is not enough for station profitability under a 5-year time horizon in this region. However, $10 per BEV charging delivers a 5-year profit of $0.82 million, and 11 cords across 3 stations are enough to accommodate a near-term charging demand in this Boston-area application. Shorter charging sessions, higher fees, and/or allowing for more cords per site also increase profits generally, everything else constant. Power-grid and station upgrades should keep pace with demand, to maximize profits over time, and avoid on-site congestion.     

武汉光谷国际网球中心与三环线衔接匝道研究

介绍了武汉市三环线武黄立交新增匝道的设计思路、方案调整及匝道车道数研究。通过分析新增匝道建设的主要受控因素,提出了三环线到达及驶离网球中心停车场不同路径的匝道方案,并从多方面对匝道方案进行综合比选。     

Transit network design with allocation of green vehicles: A genetic algorithm approach

The use of fossil fuels in transportation generates harmful emissions that accounts for nearly half of the total pollutants in urban areas. Dealing with this issue, local authorities are dedicating specific efforts to seize the opportunity offered by new fuels and technological innovations in achieving a cleaner urban mobility. In fact, authorities are improving environmental performances of their public transport fleet by procuring cleaner vehicles, usually called low and zero emission vehicles (LEV and ZEV, respectively). Nevertheless there seems to be a lack of methodologies for supporting stakeholders in decisions related to the introduction of green vehicles, whose allocation should be performed since the network design process in order to optimize their available green capacity.In this paper, the problem of clean vehicle allocation in an existing public fleet is faced by introducing a method for solving the transit network design problem in a multimodal, demand elastic urban context dealing with the impacts deriving from transportation emissions.The solving procedure consists of a set of heuristics which includes a routine for route generation and a genetic algorithm for finding a sub-optimal set of routes with the associated frequencies.     

Understanding members' carsharing (activity) persistency by using econometric model

Carsharing is an innovative travel alternative that has recently experienced considerable growth and become part of sustainable transportation initiatives. Although carsharing is becoming increasingly a popular alternative transportation mode in North America, it is still an under‐researched area. Current research is aimed at better understanding of the behavior of carsharing users. For every member, a two‐stage approach microsimulates the probability of being active in any month using a binary probit model and given that a particular member is active during a month, the probability of that member using the service multiple times using a random utility‐based model. The model is estimated using empirical data from one of the largest carsharing companies in North America. The model estimates reveal that the activity persistency of members is positively linked to previous behaviors for up to 4 months, and that the influence of previous months weakens over time. It also shows that some attributes of the traveler (gender, age, and language spoken at home) impact his or her behaviors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.