Assessment of alternative ventilation schemes at public transport interchange

The provision of mechanical ventilation in a semi-confined public transport interchange is mandatory in Hong Kong. The authority recommends the general use of low-level-supply and high-level-exhaust airflow schemes that different from the traditional ventilation concept in that low-level emitted vehicle pollutants are best removed at source. Analyses of air quality at typical public transport interchange environments are conducted for the two airflow schemes. The CFD simulations are generalized by studying light and heavy traffic conditions with adjusted ventilation rates to match the change in vehicle emission levels to examine pollutant concentrations at passenger waiting areas and the elevated footbridges. While the conventional high-level-supply and low-level-exhaust scheme could perform better during light traffic loads, the difference diminishes with increased traffic loads during peak hours. On the other hand, the high-level exhaust scheme has an advantage of serving as a smoke extraction system during a fire outbreak.     

SS7型客货运电力机车 3：总体布置及通风系统

介绍了Ｂ０－Ｂ０－Ｂ０轴式的ＳＳ７型电力机车的总体布置和通风系统，并给出设备设置和通风系统示意图。     

SS4B型电力机车（2）──总体布置与通风系统

介绍了ＳＳ４Ｂ型电力机车的总体布置与通风系统，指出了ＳＳ４Ｂ型电力机车设备布置的主要特点。     

地铁站水冷空调机组IPLV计算方法讨论

大量测试数据表明,在现行地铁环控系统中,冷机大部分时间处于部分负荷状态,因此用于评判地铁站冷水机组部分负荷综合性能的IPLV值的计算方法值得研究.使用了一种逐时计算地铁车站负荷的方法,计算得出北京市、上海市、广州市典型地铁标准站全年的逐时负荷曲线.根据全年逐时负荷曲线统计了3个城市地铁车站不同负荷率区间占比情况,从而得...     

浅埋暗挖大跨风道临时支撑拆除技术

西南风道具有地质条件及周围环境复杂、开挖跨度大(开挖跨度9.9 m)、埋深浅(结构上覆土厚度约10 m)、覆跨比较小(约为1)、路面外荷载作用频繁、穿过地下管线等显著特点。风道采用CRD法开挖支护,其中,临时支撑拆除是CRD法的关键技术,若施工不当易引起大的地表沉降,影响地下管线和地面交通运行安全,为了保证施工安全及周围环境的安全,采取分段、逐层拆除的方法,主要介绍CRD法临时支撑拆除施工,并通过对地层变位的监控量测,对临时支撑拆除施工效应进行分析。研究表明:1)临时支撑拆除范围原则上取隧道跨度,当环境要求严格时,应减小拆撑的范围;2)拆撑施工引起的地表沉降值比较小,占地表总沉降值的5.86%～18.49%;3)制定和完善了临时支撑拆除控制标准,包括临时支撑拆除时机的确定、位移的控制基准等。     

高海拔地区隧道施工通风风量计算及风机选型研究

高原地区由于海拔高度的增大,空气性质及部分有害气体毒性较平原地区发生了较大变化,施工通风难度比常压下增大很多,不能以平原地区的通风技术进行简单照搬。对海拔高度与空气性质的关系,高原隧道施工通风需风量计算,高原地区通〖JP2〗风阻力变化及风机选型进行了分析。结果表明,高原地区的施工通风风量计算应考虑不同海拔高度时有害气体的体积膨胀及浓度限值,进行风机选型与通风阻力计算时应根据高原空气密度与平原地区空气密度的比值进行修正,该结论可为高原隧道施工提供借鉴和参考。     

地铁车站新型组合闭式通风空调系统

伴随着国民经济的高速增长,各个大中城市的轨道交通建设得到迅猛发展,轨道交通线路变得越来越多,从而导致地铁用地变得愈发紧张,地铁车站的附属设施经常无处可放,尤其是地铁风亭数目众多,更加难以协调布置,而这些又与地铁车站的通风空调系统紧密相关,如何科学合理地确定通风空调系统成为日益重要的研究课题。本文在总结国内外各城市地铁车站通风空调系统设计、建设、运营经验的基础上,发明了一套更加节能、更易于实施的新型组合闭式地铁车站通风空调系统。该系统具有灵活新颖、设备成熟、简化了设备布置和控制系统,减小了车站建筑面积,降低了工程造价,提供了节能运行的方案措施。该系统值得在地铁设计中大力推广、借鉴和应用,具有重大的社会效益和经济效益。     

Performance Comparison and Analysis of Heating and Ventilation of Two Kinds of Roof Solar Collectors

Two roof solar collectors (RSCs), conventional single pass RSC and new double pass RSC, were compared. The new roof solar collector, which is formed by integrating a double pass solar air collector with the roof of the building, can be operated more efficiently for space heating in winter, and for natural ventilation in other seasons. To evaluate the performances of the two RSCs for both space heating and natural ventilation, a single traditional Chinese style house, on which the two RSCs will be mounted, was developed. The efficiency of solar energy conversion for the new RSC is higher than that of the single pass one by 10% on average, and the ventilation rate contributed by natural ventilation for the new RSC can be improved to a great extent for most cases, indicating that the new RSC is superior to the single pass one from the viewpoint of both space heating and natural ventilation. The new RSC is more potential for improving indoor thermal environment and energy saving of buildings.     

汽车前挡风板去雾通风系统

陈述了一套系统以在一定程度上解决汽车在寒冷的天气行使前挡玻璃结上雾水而影响驾驶员的视线的问题,并且车窗常常关闭,阻碍了驾驶室的通风。该系统还可以保证室内空气流动、更换的畅通。     

送风井位于隧道中部的半横向分区段通风特性研究

为了确定一种送风井位于隧道中部,隧道内需风量存在分区段变化的半横向通风方式计算方法,以厦门海沧疏港通道-芦澳路城市地下互通隧道工程为依托,采用理论分析和数值模拟研究方法对风道内的压力分布进行研究,并对比送风井位置对风机压力的影响。研究通过在风道末端与风道内任意断面建立一元伯努利方程推导风道末端风速为0和风速不为0 2种情况下风道内的压力分布求解公式,数值计算结果验证了公式的正确性。根据研究结果,送风井位于隧道中部时,两侧风道始端全压可以视为相等,送风机提供满足通风压力较大一侧所需全压即可实现整个隧道的有效通风,该通风方式在增大通风长度适应性以及减小风机功率,以及提高经济性方面具有显著的优势。