Mechanism of Tunnel Water Inflow Caused by Bending Failure of a Waterproof Dike Based on a Circular Thin Plate Mechanical Model北大核心CSCD

Water bursts during tunnel construction endanger construction, and it is therefore necessary to reserve a waterproof dike with the required thickness to avoid water bursts and to take reinforcement of the dike and treatment of the structure liable to trigger a water burst. Using the water burst at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel of the Shanghai-Chengdu expressway as an example, and considering the type of tunnel section and the upright mudstone of the dike, the waterproof dike at the work face is simplified as a round thin plate. A formula for the calculation of a minimum safety thickness for the critical waterproof dike is deduced by analyzing the force applied on the water-proof dike, and the minimum safety thickness for the water burst section at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel is cal-culated. The numerical simulation analysis demonstrates the critical thickness of waterproof dike at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel is 1.4-1.55 m, and the calculated water inflow and water burst basically agree with the actual condition. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Effect of Explosion in a Gas Pipeline Compartment of a Utility Tunnel on Neighboring Metro Tunnels北大核心CSCD

In this paper the numerical simulation analysis of the effect of explosion in the gas pipeline compartment of a utility tunnel on neighboring metro tunnels was conducted using the software AUTODYN. The results show that the TNT equivalent in a fireproof partition with length of 200 m is 41.6 kg when the gas concentration in the gas pipeline compartment reaches 10%; the blast wave has much effect on the crown and arch waist of the round metro tunnel and it’s necessary to take some protective measures in both areas; when the surrounding soil is sand, the utili- ty tunnel is above the round metro tunnel and their alignments are in the same direction, the greater the vertical spacing between the utility tunnel and the metro tunnel, the smaller the effect of the blast wave on the metro tunnel; when the vertical spacing is 7.2 m, the maximum dynamic tensile stress is 1.86 MPa (including the static stress value of 1 MPa in the tunnel segment) and it is slightly smaller than the designed tensile strength of metro tunnel (about 1.89 MPa). The maximum vibration velocity and the maximum displacement meet the structural stability require- ments, so it is suggested the vertical spacing between the utility tunnel and metro tunnel shall not be less than 7.2 m. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Model Test on Grouting Law in Dynamic Water-Rich Sand Layers by the Electric Resistance Method北大核心CSCD

In order to study the diffusion law of grouting slurry in the water-rich sand layer under flowing water conditions, a grouting test model consisting of a main test system, a grouting system, and a measurement system was developed. And for detecting the diffusion scope of the grouts, a new resistivity method was proposed. It is found that the relationship between grouting pressure and grouting rate during the test is strong. Under hydrodynamic conditions, the grouting slurry diffuses elliptically. Due to gravity and the effect of the upper water flow, the center of gravity of the ellipsoid is below the grouting outlet, and the grouting effectively improves the physical and mechanical properties of water-rich sand bodies. At the same time, the resistivity method has a good application effect on the detection of grouting diffusion range. The range of slurry diffusion obtained by the resistivity method is basically consistent with the boundary of the stone body after excavation, indicating that the resistivity method is reliable for detection of grouting range in dynamic water-rich sand layer. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

油田注水管道的腐蚀研究与缓蚀剂评价

油田注水管线所输送介质复杂,腐蚀现象严重,存在安全隐患,一旦因腐蚀泄漏就会造成巨大的经济损失。因此,开展油田注水管道的腐蚀研究及采取措施减缓腐蚀具有重要意义。为此,对某油田注水管道现场采集注入水样及腐蚀产物,通过X-射线衍射及X-射线能谱仪进行分析,分析结果表明腐蚀产物主要是碳酸钙,同时含有一定量的氯化物、碳酸亚铁、硫化物等成分。通过电镜扫描腐蚀产物的微观形貌,发现存在氯离子腐蚀。并通过ICP-OES分析输送介质组分,针对其腐蚀特点及输送介质组分,采用失重法及电化学方法评价了引入季铵盐的咪唑啉缓蚀剂HJD2最佳质量分数及缓蚀机理,实验结果表明该缓蚀剂对该注水管道具有较好的缓蚀作用,在现场注水温度下,最佳质量分数(0.06%)时的缓蚀效率为95.1%,通过注入该缓蚀剂可以有效地减缓该注水管线的腐蚀,延长管线的使用寿命。     

高速船尾部喷水推进局部振动分析

针对高速船尾部采用喷水推进装置的局部振动问题,建立了船体尾部包含喷水推进泵的有限元模型。考虑附连水质量的影响,将船体尾部离散成甲板,底板,喷水推进泵,尾板等局部结构,采用规范经验公式估算以及有限元分析的方法分别对各局部结构的板、板格、板架进行固有频率计算,将其结果与轴频和叶频激励频率进行储备频率校核,判断尾部采用喷水推进装置在振动问题上是否满足规范标准,并为下一步的船体设计提供参考。     

应用于船舶压载水处理系统的自清洗过滤器技术

介绍了2种用于压载水处理系统的自清洗过滤器的工作原理和技术特点,并结合过滤器陆基试验的测试结果,对这2种自清洗过滤器在3种水质下的过滤效果和反冲洗效果进行分析和总结,结果可为压载水处理系统用的自清洗过滤器设计和选型提供一定参考。     

小郭巨渔港工程防波堤平面布置方案

波浪是渔港建设中最重要的水动力因素,由于外海风浪作用强烈,影响港内渔船泊稳,需修建防波堤挡潮抗浪。从波浪角度研究防波堤平面布置,首先分析了舟山市六横岛小郭巨渔港工程的建设条件,确定防浪掩护控制标准,并提出防波堤直线形、折线形布置的8个平面布置方案。以满足渔船有效泊稳面积为准,采用MIKE21 BW模块计算在50 a一遇波浪与水位组合条件下堤后波高分布及防浪掩护效果,对8个方案进行研究,基于其中相对较优方案,进行了2个方案的优化。最终确定某渔港防波堤平面布置最优方案为:防波堤总长350 m、折堤夹角132°、直线段长122 m、折线段长228 m。     

波浪动力对开敞淤泥质海岸深水航道边坡稳定性的影响

开敞淤泥质海岸深水航道边坡的稳定性关系到航道的基建及维护费用,是航道工程设计中最重要的问题之一。以连云港港徐圩港区10万吨级航道为研究对象,采用在连云港海域应用较为成熟的波浪数学模型推算的波要素成果,研究中浪、大浪对徐圩10万吨级航道边坡稳定性的影响,并利用边坡实测地形资料进行分析。结果表明,从波浪动力的角度来看,徐圩10万吨级航道设计边坡的坡度取值是合理的,本海域的波浪动力不会对航道边坡的稳定性造成不利影响。     

取水工程对港内水流条件及泥沙回淤的影响

针对取水工程对港池内水流及泥沙影响问题,以黄骅港综合港区港池取水工程为例,通过在分析工程区域自然条件和泥沙条件的基础上建立三维数学模型的方法,从潮流、泥沙角度分析各取水方案对港池内水流条件和泥沙回淤的影响。结果表明:取水工程实施后整个港池内流速均不大,除取水口外,流速均在0.1 m/s以下。取水工程不会造成周边水域泥沙场的改变,对进港航道及港池淤积影响不大。取水工程实施后在设计最大取水流量范围内不会影响港口的正常运行。     

斜向波浪对斜坡堤胸墙作用力的试验研究

斜坡堤胸墙的稳定性主要受到波浪作用的影响,而且实际工程中斜坡堤多受斜向波浪作用。通过斜向与正向不规则波对斜坡堤胸墙作用的物理模型试验研究,分析斜坡堤单个胸墙所受的斜向波浪总力的折减系数随水位和波浪入射角度的变化规律,并与斜向波浪对单元直立堤的作用情况进行对比。结果表明:斜坡堤单个胸墙所受的斜向波浪总力的折减系数总体上随着水位的降低而变小,随着波浪入射角度的减小而变小;斜向波浪总浮托力的折减系数一般小于总水平力的折减系数;在不同水位和波浪入射角下,斜坡堤单个胸墙所受的斜向波浪总力的折减系数与单元直立堤有一定差别。