直线电机地铁车辆如何降低制动磨耗

由于直线电机车辆的固有特性及某轨道交通线路的运营特点,实施电制动时,导致空气制动被迫频繁补充,造成制动磨耗件消耗较快。介绍了改造前、后制动闸片、制动盘及制动施加情况,并进行了经济分析。通过改善空气制动施加逻辑及更换新型号的闸片,制动磨耗量明显降低,可大幅降低运营成本。     

INVESTIGATION ON FRACTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WORN SURFACES OF POLYMER TAPES BY SAND DUST PARTICLES

Objective To characterize the abrasive wear of polymer tapes in ATM （Auto Teller Machine） servicing in sand dust environment. Aethods The abrasive wear experiment of polymer tapes, PEN （polyethylene-2, 6-naphthalenedicarboxylate） and PI （polyimide）, by sand dust particles is performed in ATM tribosystem. The fractal characteristics of the worn surface of polymer tapes and the corresponding wear mechanisms are examined. ReSults As main results, the worn surfaces of polymer tapes show bi-fractal characteristics, and PI tape shows higher fractal dimensions and finer wear profiles than PEN tape. Wear mechanism examination shows macro and micro ploughing and cutting grooves and micro fracture characters, which gives reasonable explanation of bi-fractal character of worn polymer tapes. Conclusion Worn polymer tape shows fractal character and bi-fractal can be used in accurately characterizing the abrasive wear of polymer tapes of ATM in sand dust environment.     

机车轮对轮缘偏磨分析研究

针对SS7A、SS7C机车在运用中出现轮缘偏磨较为严重,使其使用寿命大大降低这一技术难题,运用VPD技术CAE对SS7A机车进行了轮缘偏磨多因素分析研究,通过分析找出了影响因素关键所在,继之根据影响因素的大小,制定了实施措施.通过应用考核验证了方案的可行性,为解决轮缘偏磨提供了依据.     

车轮踏面剥离试验研究

剥离是车轮踏面失效的主要类型。车轮剥离一般分为2种类型,一类是由滚动接触疲劳应力作用引起的剥离;另一类是由热作用和机械作用引起的剥离,主要有制动剥离和擦伤剥离。2种类型的车轮剥离实际上都与轮轨表面摩擦力直接相关。本文主要通过模拟试验研究轮轨摩擦力对车轮剥离的影响。     

水翼船翼柱自位球面轴承复合动载磨损试验研究

通过水翼船翼柱自位球面轴承外座圈和止推套环衬垫的复合动载磨损试验，证明青铜在复杂工况下具有良好的耐磨性，可用作轴承外座圈与衬垫的制造材料。     

Field measurements of the evolution of wheel wear and vehicle dynamics for high-speed trains

This investigation demonstrates the wheel wear evolution and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains with an operating distance (OD) of around two million kilometres. A long-term experimental test lasting two years was conducted to record the wheel profiles and structural vibrations of various trainsets. The wheel wear, namely the profile shape, worn distribution and wheelset conicity, is investigated for several continuous reprofiling cycles. Typical results are illustrated for the stability analysis, and the ride quality is examined with increasing OD. In addition, the vibration transition characteristics between suspensions are investigated in both the time and frequency domains. The experiments show that the dominant wear concentrates on the nominal rolling radius, and the wear rate increases with OD because of the surface softening resulting from the loss of wheel material. The vibration of structural components is aggravated by the increase of the equivalent conicity of the wheelset, which rises approximately linearly with the wheel wear and OD. High-frequency vibrations arise in the bogie and car body related to the track arrangement and wheel out-of-roundness, causing the ride comfort to worsen significantly. Additionally, the system vibration characteristics are strongly dependent on the atmospheric temperature. Summaries and conclusions are obtained regarding the wheel wear and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains over long operating times and distances.     

软土刀具的磨损预测——一种研究刀具磨损系统中主要影响因素的新方法

硬岩隧道掘进机的性能很大程度上取决于其切削刀具的磨损情况。刀具的磨损会降低掘进速度,进而导致掘进时间延长、项目成本增加。通常在隧道项目的规划阶段使用预测模型来进行磨损预测,而常规的磨损试验对磨损系统的考虑还不够准确,并没有考虑到刀具/土体的相互作用、周围介质（水、膨润土）以及掘进过程中的荷载等因素。针对该问题,专门设计了一个水平放置的磨损试验设备。本文介绍了该试验方法,研究并讨论了磨损系统相关因素对磨损率的影响。结果表明,该设备可模拟真实的掘进过程,很好地解决了上述问题,达到了高效、准确预测磨损的效果。     

基于复合磨蚀试验台的滚刀磨损试验研究

为提高TBM滚刀与地层的适应性,降低滚刀磨损速率,应用滚刀复合磨蚀试验台进行滚压磨损试验,对小尺寸滚刀开展不同岩性、几何参数（刃宽、刃形、直径）和贯入速度的磨损规律研究。通过对磨损量统计发现： 磨损量与岩样CAI值的平方正相关; 宽刃滚刀较窄刃滚刀磨损速率快; 圆刃滚刀相对平刃滚刀有更好的耐磨性; 滚刀直径与磨损速率相关性不强,但大直径滚刀具有径向磨损量大的优势; 在一定区间内较大的贯入速度能够减少刀具磨损,同时具备较高的破岩效率。     

基于分形理论的气缸套磨损表面特征形貌表征

基于分形维数和多重分形谱理论,以不同工况下镀铬气缸套—PVD活塞环摩擦磨损试验试样为对象,通过三维共聚焦激光扫描显微镜获取磨损表面的二维灰度图像,并将其转化成黑白二值图像,采用盒维数法测算缸套磨损表面的分形维数,运用多重分形谱测算谱宽度,定量表征气缸套磨损表面的形貌特征和表面的高度均一性。结果表明,气缸套磨损表面具有明显的分形特征,且为一重分形。表面越粗糙,分形维数越小,分形谱宽度值越大。