风电安装中高强螺栓的力矩系数检测与验收探究

风电建设蓬勃发展,但是风电领域相关规范仍不齐全或规范内容并不完善。本文通过对风机安装用高强螺栓连接原理、相关检测规范、施工验收规范进行分析探究,为风电行业后续工程的高强螺栓安装环节提供实际有用的质量管理经验。     

Design,modelling, and analysis of a large floating dock for spar floating wind turbine installation

Installation of floating wind turbines at the offshore site is a challenging task. A significant part of the time efficiency and costs are related to the installation methods which are sensitive to weather conditions. This study investigates a large floating dock concept, which can be used to shield a floating wind turbine during installation of tower, nacelle, and rotor onto a spar foundation. In this paper, the concept is described in detail, and a design optimisation is carried out using simple design constraints. Hydrodynamic analysis and dynamic response analysis of the coupled system of the optimum dock and spar are conducted. Two spars of different sizes are considered, and the motion responses of the spars with and without the dock in irregular waves are compared. Through analysis of the motion spectra and response statistics, dynamic characteristics of the coupled system is revealed. The present design of the dock reduces the platform-pitch responses of the spars and potentially facilitates blade mating, but may deteriorate the heave velocity of the spars in swell conditions. Finally, future design aspects of the floating dock are discussed.     

风机机舱火灾热流场特性数值研究

为研究风机机舱发生火灾后的热流场特性规律,建立适用于风机机舱火灾计算的数学物理模型,对描述质量、动量和能量运输的通用方程进行简化和变形,用数值程序进行了求解,得到火灾发生后热释放速率及机舱内温度、热流、烟气高度等参数数据;分析典型火灾工况下各参数变化的反应延迟时间和变化规律、以及典型工况下特征参数的阈值,通过分析火灾流场特性变化规律,为风机消防设计提供参考。     

The wet-towing resistance of the composite bucket foundation for offshore wind turbines

The composite bucket foundation (CBF) is a new and environmentally-friendly foundation for offshore wind turbines. This foundation can be prefabricated in batches onshore followed by integrated transport and installation at sea. The structure itself has a subdivision air cushion structure that enables the foundation to float stably on the water surface and realize long-distance towing of the foundation. The mechanism of this air-liquid-solid coupling towing process is complicated, and the influence of the bulkheads on the towing resistance is not clear. In this paper, the influence of the subdivision structure on the towing resistance of the CBF is compared with the tow test in hydrostatic water. The structural motion characteristics and the change of the cushion pressure are also analysed. Experiments are used to verify numerical calculation results. The flow field difference between the CBF with bulkheads, the CBF without bulkheads and the real floating structure was analysed. The dynamic pressure coefficient was used to analyze the force at surfaces of different CBF's. For the tow test and numerical calculation of multiple CBFs, the optimal multi-CBF tow distance and towage number are obtained through the calculation of energy consumption rate.     

Stochastic dynamic load effect and fatigue damage analysis of drivetrains in land-based and TLP,spar and semi-submersible floating wind turbines

This paper deals with the feasibility of using a 5 MW drivetrain which is designed for a land-based turbine, on floating wind turbines. Four types of floating support structures are investigated: spar, TLP and two semi-submersibles. The fatigue damage of mechanical components inside the gearbox and main bearings is compared for different environmental conditions, ranging from cut-in to cut-out wind speeds. For floating wind turbines, representative wave conditions are also considered. All wind turbines are ensured to follow similar power curves, but differences in the control system (integral to different concepts) are allowed. A de-coupled analysis approach is employed for the drivetrain response analysis. First, an aero-hydro-servo-elastic code is employed for the global analysis. Next, motions, moments and forces from the global analysis are applied on the gearbox multi body model and the loads on gears and bearings are obtained. The results suggest that the main bearings sustain more damage in floating wind turbines than on land-based. The highest main bearing damage is observed for the spar floating wind turbine. The large wave induced axial load on the main shaft is found to be the primary reason of this high damage in the spar wind turbine. Apart from the main bearings - which are located on the main shaft outside the gearbox - other bearings and gears inside the gearbox hold damages in floating wind turbines equal or even less than in the land-based turbine. It is emphasized that the results presented in this study are based on a drivetrain with two main bearings, which considerably reduces the non-torque loads on the gearbox.     

叶轮级数对一种潮流水轮机水动力性能的影响研究

为了进一步提高潮流能水轮机叶轮的能量捕获性能(获能效率),对一种多级获能潮流水轮机叶轮进行了研究。利用ANSYS16.0 中的CFX流体仿真模块对一种潮流水轮机的叶轮级数进行了数值计算,对不同级数的叶轮进行水动力性能模拟,考察一、二、三级叶轮在不同流速下呈现的速度、压力分布以及流场压差变化情况,并通过样机实验进行了验证。结果表明,叶轮级数的增加可以提高轮机对水流能量的捕获性能；就各个流速工况下的整体获能系数而言,三级叶轮最佳,但启动性能有所下降,三级叶轮启动流速在0.75m/s左右；三级叶轮的最优水速在1.5m/s左右,理想状态下获能效率可达51%上下。     

加纳某渔港码头渔船风荷载计算方法探讨

加纳某渔港码头升级改造项目,渔码头设计船型为4种主机功率为60~600 HP的渔船,本文研究和对比了国际上几种常用的规范、手册中的建议方法,总结了适用于本项目船型的设计参数,较为合理地计算了作用在渔船上的风荷载。     

方形土楼屋盖风荷载的数值模拟分析

为探讨屋面坡角和高径比对客家圆形土楼屋盖风荷载的影响,应用数值模拟方法,在不同方向角下分别对不同的坡角和高宽比情况下土楼的屋盖极值风压系数和净风压系数进行参数分析,采用SSTk-ω湍流模型,建立具有代表性的单体方楼德辉楼的数值风洞模型,得到了屋盖极值风压系数和净风压系数随坡角、高宽比变化的分布曲线.综合考虑2种风压系数和风流场的影响,结果表明：方形土楼抗风效果较好的坡角为45°,而高径比是0.45.     

异型斜跨下承式钢结构悬索拱桥钢拱合龙施工技术

以张家口通泰大桥为例,介绍在较复杂的自然条件下,斜交曲线下承式钢结构悬索拱桥的钢拱合龙施工技术,对于类似工程具有一定的参考价值。     

静风荷载对大跨度钢管砼拱桥施工稳定性的影响

目前对施工过程中静风荷载对钢管砼拱桥整体稳定性的研究还不多,通过一个工程实例在这方面做了一些研究.通过有限元分析,结果证明风速越大,整体稳定安全系数越低;风荷载较小时对稳定性影响不明显,当风速超过一个定值以后,影响效果非常明显.风荷载作用下,同时考虑材料非线性以后,荷载稳定安全系数降低较大;风荷载作用下,考虑双重非线性比考虑材料非线性的稳定安全系数有所降低,但是降低幅度不大.