On the fresh balance of the Adriatic Sea

The long-term mean fresh water balance of the Adriatic Sea is studied by ananalysing evaporation, precipitation and river runoff. Evaporation is computed from May latent heat flux and by means of bulk formula. In the latter case two wind speed data sets are used, namely those from the NMC and May. The sea surface temperature is taken from a historical Adriatic data set, and the air temperature and relative humidity come from the NMC data set. Two precipitation data sets are considered, namely the Legates and Willmott climatology and a data set consisting of data measured at 62 rain-gauge stations located on the Adriatic coasts. Runoff contribution to the fresh water balance is estimated from the long-term average flow rates of 39 rivers and the horizontal distribution of salinity in the upper mixed layer.The spatial distribution of the fresh water balance, as well as of its components, is analysed by means of monthly objective maps, from which averages and standard deviations are computed. The results obtained from the different computations are not always univocal, particularly in the evaluation of Summer evaporation, and are affected by relatively large statistical errors. Significant spatial and seasonal variability occurs, with a noticeable fresh water gain along the coastline of the northern and middle basins, while small areas of fresh water loss are found in the middle and southern basins. Nevertheless, on an annual basis, the difference between the fresh water losses by evaporation and the gains by precipitation and runoff is clearly negative, indicating that, unlike the whole Mediterranean, the Adriatic Sea is generally a dilution basin.     

浅谈招投标中最低价中标的运用

最低投标价中标法作为一种国际通用的评标方法,在发达国家的工程建设招标和政府采购中已得到广泛的运用,成为一种国际惯例.在最低价中标法运用的过程中,必须把握好"前期关"、"评审关"、"监理关"和"风险关"四个关键环节,才能取得较好的应用效果.     

浅谈冷藏集装箱船货舱通风设计

本文介绍了风冷和水冷两种冷藏集装箱船的货舱通风设计。     

船舶压载水污染的控制和管理

压载水对现代船舶的安全航行是绝对必要的，但它对生态、经济和人类健康构成了严重威胁，排放船舶压载水被全球环境基金组织确认为危害海洋的四大威胁之一.为防止压载水带来的生物污染，除了在深海更换压载水外，IMO还提出了将来可能采用的一些方法，分析不同处理方法的经济性。     

地铁基坑施工中水位监测数据累计值超标及其影响分析

福州地铁象峰站建设施工中出现水位监测数据持续超标,累计值限定的极限已经用完,但地表并未出现严重沉降的情况。从福州岩土工程特性方面分析了其产生原因,指出实际上出现了水位监测累计值失效的现象,提出了处理相关监测项目出现失效问题的方法。     

钢弹簧浮置板浸水时的减振效果实测分析

对某地铁状态正常的钢弹簧浮置板段、一侧隔振器浸水段、两侧隔振器浸水段和普通整体道床段的过车响应进行现场实测。结果分析表明,钢弹簧浮置板作为特殊减振轨道结构,具有良好的减振效果。状态正常的浮置板相对于普通整体道床减振效果可达16.8 d B(隧道壁Z计权振级插入损失),随着浸水量的增加,减振效果逐渐减弱,分别为9.8d B(一侧浸水)、0.6 d B(两侧浸水)。浸水对16~200 Hz频段的减振效果影响明显,对16 Hz以内频段的减振效果基本没有影响。     

生活小区管道直饮水的工艺及经济分析

分析了生活小区管道直饮水的净水工艺,对工艺流程各单元的原理和作用进行了阐述,并进行了经济分析,和桶装直饮水比较,管道直饮水的价格较低,表明生活小区管道直饮水系统有较大的发展空间。     

创新实践,探索铁路给水体制改革新模式

根据铁路主辅分离,跨越式发展的需要,结合一年多来的工作实践,分析了当前基层铁路给水企业、职工面临的困难和任务,总结一年来改革尝试的经验,探索了铁路给水企业生存发展的方向,力求为类似辅业的分离改制提供借鉴、帮助。     

马来西亚达道河口潮汐分析

根据实例潮位资料,对达道河口潮位进行潮汐调和计算分析和理论最低潮位计算,得出该河口地区潮汐特征.     

某轮主机冷却水压力波动故障分析及处理

某轮主机进入高负荷运行，达到某一负荷时会突然出现冷却水压力波动。故障现象及原因都比较特殊。通过对这一故障的分析及处理，发现了船舶管理中存在的一些问题。本文对此进行了论述。以利同行借鉴。同时提出了提高船舶管理水平的有益建议。