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Benjamin Esterl Torsten Butz Bernd Simeon Bernhard Burgermeister - Email: 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2007,45(9):819-834
The real-time simulation of vehicle trains requires an accurate and numerically feasible representation of the vehicle-trailer coupling. Although the equations of motion for the chassis instances can be reduced to systems of ordinary differential equations, additional constraints on the relative motion of vehicle and trailer are introduced when considering the hitch. In this article, we present a strategy for the simulation of vehicle-trailer combinations, where the algebraic constraints of the coupling are treated explicitly. Although this approach allows exact modeling of the respective joint geometry and realistic calculation of the coupling forces, a suitable numerical algorithm is required in order to solve the resulting differential-algebraic system of index 3 in real-time. The implementation in a commercial vehicle dynamics program is discussed and real-time simulation results are shown, which prove its feasibility for different coupling joints and demanding driving maneuvers. 相似文献
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Alexandra Weiss Joachim Kuss Gerhard Peters Bernd Schneider 《Journal of Marine Systems》2007,66(1-4):130
Long-term observations of the marine atmospheric boundary layer were performed by an eddy correlation system, which was set-up on a platform in the Baltic Sea. In this experiment the three-dimensional wind vector and the turbulent fluxes of momentum, sensible and latent heat and CO2 were measured for one and a half years. Simultaneously the CO2 partial pressure pCO2 in surface water was measured by a submersible autonomous moored instrument for CO2 at the platform in 7-m depth. The high-resolution eddy correlation measurements of the atmospheric CO2 flux FCO2, together with the measurements of the CO2 partial pressure differences between air and sea ΔpCO2 led to a long-term data set which provided the possibility to investigate the parameterization of the CO2 transfer velocity k as a function of 10-m wind speed u in a statistical manner. From half-hour mean CO2 fluxes and CO2 partial pressure differences, k was calculated using k = FCO2 / (K0ΔpCO2), with K0 the CO2 solubility. The half-hour mean data points, used for the determination of the k–u parameterization, show large scatter. However, assuming a linear, quadratic dependency the analysis yields: k660 = 0.365u2 + 0.46u (k at 20 °C and salinity 35 psu) with a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.81. The large scatter indicates that the kinetics of the air–sea CO2 transfer velocity is not only a function of the wind speed alone, but might also be controlled by other environmental parameters and mechanisms, such as sea state and surface coverage with surfactants. 相似文献
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具有共轨式喷射系统的燃烧技术的新发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Von Amin Velji Bernd Danckert 《国外内燃机车》1998,(12):22-26
新型MTU 4000系列柴油机,采用了一种新的共轨式喷射系统。它克服了传统喷射系统的典型约束,即喷射压力与柴油机转速有关,本文提出了有关燃烧技术发展的新措施,并要求充分利用共轨式喷射系统的优点,利用柴油机整个特性场中可获得的高的喷射压喷孔的数量,还可以应用更浅的活塞顶面盆槽从而将改善空气在燃烧室中的分布,最终可以降低有害物的排放和燃油消耗率。 相似文献
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Advanced Contact Mechanics-Road and Rail 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Klaus Knothe Ralf Wille Bernd W. Zastrau 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2001,35(4):361-407
The development of contact theories and numerical formula for various applications is a field which expands rapidly. This publication focuses on the rolling contact problem both for tire-road and wheel-rail contact. For the tire-road application a central problem is the modeling of the composite structure of the tire under internal pressure and axle load. One actual contact problem is the rolling on soft soil, which is discussed as the main application. In the wheel-rail case the contact area is much smaller and much more emphasis has been laid on the treatment of material changes, wear and creep phenomena. These approaches are discussed in detail as well as a more recent finite element formulation following the arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian concept. Ideas about damage mechanisms finish the article. 相似文献
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BerndAlbrecht 《国外铁道车辆》2003,40(1):14-20,29
介绍了德国萨尔布吕肯市采用的双系统低地板城轨车的结构特点和主要技术参数。 相似文献
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Structural Performance Evaluation Procedure for Large Flexible Airship of HALE Stratospheric Platform Conception 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Basic loads applied on the airship envelope were analyzed.The resultant forces,the static bending moment and the dynamic bending moment were formulated.Based on classic linear elastic membrane theory,the procedures to calculate the minimum pressure were proposed for sufficient rigidity evaluation.The limit load capacity was further investigated,and the related formula were developed.Finally,the stress and internal forces analysis was carried out for cylindrical and non-cylindrical approximations of envelope hull of airship.The present research is very valuable to the overall preliminary design of airship and further research. 相似文献
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