Critical success conditions of collaborative methods: a comparative evaluation of transport planning projects

This paper explores critical success conditions of collaborative planning projects in the area of urban transport, evaluating the impact of new collaborative methods, instruments and processes on project performance. Hypothesis building is based on a comparative, empirical research design, rather than on deductive theory construction. Potential critical success conditions are derived from literature. Based on five urban transport planning projects in Gothenburg (Sweden), London (United Kingdom), Milwaukee (United States), Tokyo (Japan) and Mexico City (Mexico), a rough set analysis of the five cases reveals validated success conditions, which can be used for formulating hypotheses for further research or for policy and process improvement. The results suggest that a dedicated management of the multi-actor network, a high diversity of actors, as well as an extensive use of knowledge integration methods in combination with a high network density are critical success conditions of these planning processes. Surprisingly, the extensive use of unilateral methods also showed to be an important success condition. The traditional role of the planner will have to be complemented with the expertise of network and methodology management. The authors conclude that rough set analysis can be a valuable addition to narrative, single-case analysis of collaborative urban transport planning processes.     

轮/轨几何学(续完)——轨道车辆与线路的共同课题

5 在实施中出现的问题 5.1 轨道状况 图14 说明了新建200 km/h高速线路上的几何接触状况,线路按照轨道的规定参数(钢轨型号、安装倾斜度、轨距)建造,最终进行打磨去除轧制表层.测点在较大范围呈现的离散结果表明,它应当是由偏低的锥度所形成的,以单纯的几何参数规定值,不能完全达到相应的目标.但这个例子同样又表明了,以单纯的几何限制参数代替几何接触参数时在系统性方面出现的问题.对此,必须以制定几何接触参数及其相应的公差为目标,并且在法律规定框架内进行实施.     

Schwingungsuntersuchungen an einer Pkw-Karosserie

(Title: Investigations into the vibrations of an automobile body)

The numerical treatment of the lower elastic vibrations of a motorcar body is presented. The displacement method has been found to be an effective technique for this calculation. When idealising the structure it is tried to show the lower boundary for the subdivision of the structure, with which satisfying results can be obtained.

The presented results show, that the calculation of the vibration characteristics of a car body is possible with relatively simple model structures. But it must be pointed out that the model structure has to be constructed considering requirements made upon the results. For the calculation of the four lower vibration modes the car body is idealised with beam and triangular elements. By this method the stiffness and mass matrices arc derived. The distributed mass is simply condensed to mass points in the nodes of the structure. Together with the stiffness matrix the mass matrix is reduced to a practical size for the final computation of the eigenvalues and cigenmodes.     

轮/轨几何学(待续)——轨道车辆与线路的共同课题

对车轮和轨道的一般性测量早就做出过定义,但两者的生产制造精度存在很大的差别.只有掌握了车轮和轨道的轮廓型面,并将两者相结合,才可能掌握几何接触状况对铁路运营车辆的运行性能所产生的影响.为了保证运营的安全、经济和舒适,应当在较长周期内对轮/轨系统确定新的条件,因此,需要独立的车辆和线路监测系统.     

2轮／轨几何学（待续）——轨道车辆与线路的共同课题

对车轮和轨道的一般性测量早就做出过定义，但两者的生产制造精度存在很大的差别。只有掌握了车轮和轨道的轮廓型面，并将两者相结合，才可能掌握几何接触状况对铁路运营车辆的运行性能所产生的影响。为了保证运营的安全、经济和舒适，应当在较长周期内对轮／轨系统确定新的条件，因此，需要独立的车辆和线路监测系统。