Variational principles in water-wave problems (wave radiation conditions and their variational treatment)

To discuss water-wave problems in unlimited waters, it is important to know what type of wave radiation condition should be placed on a virtual surface corresponding to infinity. For this kind of problem, the Sommerfeld radiation condition is well known. In this article, the condition is extended to treat a case with an incident wave. Furthermore, a more general wave radiation condition is introduced from a different point of view. The above-mentioned wave radiation conditions are introduced into the variational principles of the Kelvin, Hellinnger–Reissner, and Dirichlet type. The Dirichlet-type variational principles are then used in numerical calculations for bending waves in a bar, and the effectiveness of the wave radiation conditions and the variational principles is shown. The numerical results for one-dimensional water-wave problems are then given. As expected, the region required for the numerical solution is reduced drastically compared with that required by the Sommerfeld-type formulation. Furthermore, the amplitude of the diverging wave is obtained in the process of reaching the variational solution. Finally, two-dimensional water-wave problems are briefly discussed. Received: August 9, 2001 / Accepted: September 17, 2001     

单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测小鼠成纤维细胞DNA的氧化损伤及修复

目的观察小鼠成纤维细胞由过氧化氢(H2O2)引起的DNA损伤及其修复,并详细介绍单细胞凝胶电泳技术。方法培养NIH3T3细胞,H2O2造成细胞氧化损伤,单细胞凝胶电泳技术(SCGE,Comet Assay)检测细胞DNA的损伤情况。结果①建立了H2O2致NIH3T3细胞DNA损伤的分级图谱;②H2O2引起的小鼠成纤维细胞DNA单链断裂与H2O2的浓度呈依赖性关系;③细胞在除去H2O2后15 min已出现明显修复,多数修复可在1 h内完成,但少数修复可能需要较长时间才能完成。结论单细胞凝胶电泳技术是一种简便、敏感的检测DNA氧化损伤的方法。     

变轨距列车用电动机的开发

我们为变轨距列车研制了2种牵引电动机.一种是直接驱动的永磁同步电动机,另一种是传统的万向轴驱动的异步电动机.对这2种电动机进行了试验,取得了良好的结果.在美国对变轨距列车的高速耐久性运行试验进行了约2年.在运行试验中,电动机没有发生任何故障.运行试验后进行的解体检查也表明电动机没有任何损伤.     

Diel changes in vertical overlap between Cyclops strenuus (Copepoda; Cyclopoida) and its prey in oligotrophic Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan

The vertical distribution of Cyclops strenuus and its prey, and the gut contents of C. strenuus were investigated at 3 h intervals over 24 h periods in the pelagic area of oligotrophic Lake Toya in May, August and October 1992. C. strenuus showed slight diel vertical migration (DVM) in May, but did not migrate and was always distributed below 15 m in August and October, the thermally stratified period. This suggests that the DVM is strongly influenced by the development of the thermocline, which the copepod may not be able to cross. Gut content analyses revealed that in Lake Toya it is omnivorous, and that the dominant prey are cladocerans and Filinia longiseta. The number of prey remains in the gut varied with time, and the diel changes did not follow changes in prey density that take the vertical overlap between predator and prey into account. We argue that very low prey density associated with the oligotrophic nature of the lake would mask the relationship between prey density and the number of prey in the gut of the predator.     

最近的铁道车辆技术

介绍了日本铁道综合技术研究所在铁道车辆技术方面的5项课题中所取得的成就,包括导向转向架、客车车厢内的降噪技术、车辆的动力学仿真、永磁同步电动机、车辆技术开发过程中用于闭环仿真的硬件等。其中前景看好的永磁同步电动机已取得了很大进展。     

On the hydroelastic responses of a very large floating structure in waves

New numerical methods are presented for hydroelastic analyses of a very large floating structure (VLFS) of several kilometers length and width. Several methods are presented that accelerate computation without an appreciable loss of accuracy. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods are validated through comparisons with other numerical results as well as with existing experimental results. After confirming the effectiveness of the methods presented, various characteristics of the hydroelastic behavior of VLFSs are examined, using the proposed methods as numerical tools. Received for publication on Dec. 3, 1999; accepted on Dec. 15, 1999     

Analysis of ship drifting in a narrow channel using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data

With maritime transportation has played an important role in global economy development, ship traffic has become more congested. Therefore, ships navigate under risk conditions, and thus maritime accidents have occurred frequently. Especially, ship passing through a narrow channel is even more dangerous. Because, the ships are easy to be affected by external forces such as wind and currents that can cause ship drifts. Many latent risks are present during navigation. In order for the development of a sensible and appropriate traffic model for the safety and efficiency ship navigation, this study has focused on the actual ship behavior to understand the ship drift in the Kurushima Strait, Japan, which is one of the most dangerous routes in Japan. The analysis of ship behavior was carried out using the Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. As a result, the ships drift was understood in detail, and the latent risk was unveiled when ships pass through the narrow route. Moreover, the risk areas were obtained and visualized by the ship drift behavior analysis. The obtained results can be applied to ensure safe navigation and the development of an eco-friendly and economy efficient for ship navigation.     

Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Enhancement of Natural Circulation Liquid Cooling System for Electronic Component

NomenclatureH :height of condenser above the evaporatorlevel( m)h:heightof FC- 72 filled in the testloop( m)q:heat flux based on projected surface area( W/cm2 )q CHF:critical heat flux( W/cm2 )Tc:cooling water temperature(°C)Ts:saturation temperature(°C)Tw:wall temperature(°C)ΔTsat:wall superheat( K)ΔTsub:liquid subcooling( K)W:flow rate of FC- 72 ( g/min)z:height of liquid in the downcomer( m)IntroductionDirect or indirect liquid cooling with phase-change by use of dielectric liq…