Socioeconomic and usage characteristics of transportation network company (TNC) riders

Transportation - The widespread adoption of smartphones followed by an emergence of transportation network companies (TNC) have influenced the way individuals travel. The authors use the 2017...     

Costs of air pollutants from shipping: a meta-regression analysis

ABSTRACT

This study estimated the external cost of air pollution from shipping by means of a meta-regression analysis, which has not been made before. Three pollutants, which were included in most of the primary studies, were considered: nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulphur dioxides (SO₂) and particulate matters with a diameter of max 2.5 micrometres (PM_2.5). All primary studies included damages of health and a majority added impacts on agriculture and estimated the cost of air pollutants by transferring cost estimates from studies on costs of air emissions from transports in Europe. Different regression models and estimators were used and robust results were found of statistically significant emission elasticities of below one, i.e. total external costs increase by less than 1% when emissions increase by 1%. There was a small variation between the pollutants, with the highest elasticity for PM_2.5 and lowest for NO_x. Calculations of the marginal external cost of the pollutants showed the same pattern, with this cost being approximately six times higher for PM_2.5 than for the other pollutants. Common to all pollutants was that the marginal external cost decreases when emission increases. Another robust result was a significant increase in the cost of studies published in journals compared with other publication outlets. These findings point out some caution when transferring constant external unit cost of air pollutant from shipping, which is much applied in the literature, and the cost functions estimated in this study could thus provide a complementary transfer mechanism.     

狗左右心室和肺循环功能的同步测定与评价

本文介绍了狗左、右心室和肺循环功能的同步测定方法,并同时观察了左、右心室收缩、舒张性能、泵功能和肺循环功能的多项指标。在实验条件下,动物的生理状况在3小时内基本稳定。     

用于焊接机器人的侧架支撑座夹具

论述了用于焊接机器人的侧架支撑座夹具的结构和设计特点。     

建立铁路信号电源监控装置远动系统应注意的几个问题

结合铁路远动系统已建区段运行实际及积累的经验，探讨监控系统安全性、保护装置信息采集、远动信息分流、规约转换等铁路信号电源监控装置远动系统设计、建设和运行中需注意的几个问题。并结合存在的问题提出了具体的分析及建议。     

调车机车监控实时通信系统的研究与应用

调车机车监控实时通信系统从实现调车作业信息化、提高调车作业安全性的角度出发,结合现场作业方式,实时监控系统和调车作业通信流程,保证地面中央站与车载智能外围站之间的实时无线通信。系统结合其他软、硬件系统,最大限度地实现信息共享和资源优化。经现场试验表明,该系统能有效防止调车作业常见事故,保障调车机车的实时安全作业。     

封具的技术条件已经被ISO列入重要日程

封具(Seal)的应用历史悠久。在推行集装箱的先进运输手段之后,对封具的推广和应用又进入了一个新的历史时期。由于早期所使用的封具结构简单而且单薄,任何人可以随时随地用非常简单的破坏手段使其失效,因而只能当作一种“象征性”的权宜之计。尽管后来人们又对它辅之比较严格的管理手段,使其在被破坏之后极易被察觉或者是发出声光警报,但终究难以抗拒暴力者明目张胆的恶劣行径。     

Transit assignment under crowded conditions

This paper presents a transit assignment algorithm for crowded networks. Both congestion in vehicles and queuing at stations are explicitly taken into account in predicting passenger flows for a fixed pattern of origin-destination trip demands. The overflow effects due to insufficient capacity of transit lines are considered to be concentrated at transit stations, while the in-vehicle congestion effects (or discomforts) are considered to be dependent on in-vehicle passenger volume. Overflow delay at a transit station is dependent on the number of excess passengers required to wait for the next transit car. We use a logit model to determine the split between passengers that chose to wait for the next transit car and passengers that chose to board on the alternative transit lines. The proposed algorithm predicts how passenger will choose their optimal routes under both queuing and crowded conditions.     

人工挖孔桩的安全防护措施

文章详述了人工挖孔桩可能发生的安全事故类别及主要原因,介绍了安全管理及技术防护措施。认真落实这些安全措施对人工挖孔桩的安全施工有一定作用。     

基于MPEG-4的多媒体压缩编码的研究

随着网络的发展,数字化的多媒体数据的存储空间越来越大,给数据的保存和传送带来了困难.多媒体视频编码方式MPEG-4的应用越来越广泛.本文介绍了MPEG-4的概念、特点.详细讲解了其核心思想、关键技术和优点,以及其在因特网视音频广播、无线通信等方面的应用.