客运专线连续梁桥墩线刚度限值探讨

研究目的:近年来,连续梁已成为新建铁路及客运专线的常用梁型。新建铁路一次性铺设跨区间之缝线路已成为趋势,研究连续梁桥上无缝线路纵向力变化规律,探讨客运专线常见连续梁桥墩线刚度限值迫在眉睫。研究结果:提出客运专线常见连续梁桥墩线刚度限值,可指导桥梁和轨道的前期设计。     

Regional impacts of new transport infrastructure: a multisectoral potentials approach

This is the second of two background papers sponsored for the Symposium by the Administrative Commission for the north of the Netherlands. Its purpose is to provide an indication of the effects of the proposed high speed rail line between Amsterdam, Groningen and Hamburg on employment in the corridor. The authors first review the techniques of forecasting these effects discussed in the literature. The potentials approach is adopted for their analysis, the mathematics and underlying assumptions of which are presented. Finally, this model is run to provide an estimate of the impact on regional employment of three variants of the proposed rail line.     

The design of bus route systems — An interactive location-allocation approach

An interactive modelling approach is developed to solve the practical problem of bus route network design. Possible bus routes are identified with facilities which can be located. Zones or pairs of zones in the urban area are identified with customers who will be allocated to the established facilities. It is shown that the classical Set Covering Problem is useful under the assumption of fixed demand; the Simple Plant Location Problem is effective under the assumption of demand which is sensitive to the level of bus service provided.     

内波的相似律及其实验室量化模拟关系

弄清内波的相似律和实验室量化模拟关系,是内波缩比模拟试验研究实用化、解决实际海洋中内波相关科学问题和工程问题的前提.本研究从流动的力学相似条件出发,梳理了内波的相似原理,采用内波预报模型分析了分层结构和分层密度差对内波特征的影响,阐明了分层结构相似是内波相似的必要条件,还分析了内波和表面波相似律的制约关系.实验室中分层密度差一般远大于实际海洋跃层的密度差,内波和表面波相似律不能同时满足,缩比实验模拟结果须根据内波和表面波的特征分别按各自的相似准则换算.     

大型基坑施工对临近运营地铁影响分析

某市地铁运营指挥中心大型基坑临近运营地铁车站及区间,其施工会对临近的运营地铁车站及区间产生一定的影响,特别是超近距离的基坑施工,必须对其安全性进行分析。文章运用数值模拟分析对大型基坑施工对临近运营地铁安全性进行评估,并针对近接地铁施工存在的风险提出相应防护措施,以期为本地区类似工程提供解决方案。     

纤维对CA砂浆塑性开裂的影响

为研究纤维对CA砂浆抗塑性开裂性能的影响规律,采用自制开裂试验装置结合图像分析法研究了纤维品种、掺量及长径比等参数对CA砂浆抗塑性开裂性能的影响。结果表明,PVA纤维对CA砂浆抗裂性的影响最为显著,并略优于PET纤维,PP纤维最次;三角形截面的PP纤维抗裂性优于圆形截面的PP纤维;CA砂浆的抗塑性开裂性能随纤维掺量的增大逐渐提高,当体积掺量超过0.14%后,抗裂性增幅趋缓;纤维的长径比对其抗裂性有一定影响,直径相同的情况下,12 mm及3 mm长的PP纤维抗裂性优于6 mm长的PP纤维。研究结果可为CA砂浆用纤维的技术标准提供一定的理论与技术支撑,具有一定的理论和工程意义。     

Teleworking in the Netherlands: an evaluation of changes in travel behaviour

This article describes the first experiment on teleworking in the Netherlands, and presents the results of an analysis of the impact of teleworking on the travel behaviour of the participants in the experiment and their household members. It was concluded that teleworking has resulted in a significant decrease in the total number of trips by teleworkers (–17%). Peak-hour traffic by car has been reduced even more (–26%). An unexpected result was that the household members of the teleworkers also appeared to travel less than before the experiment.     

Travel behaviour and the total activity pattern

In the past years the behavioural basis of travel demand models has been considerably extended. In many cases individual behaviour is taken as the starting point of the analysis. Conventional aggregate models have been complemented by disaggregate models. However, even in most disaggregate models there is still the well-known sequence of generation, distribution, mode split, and assignment. In fact, travel behaviour is isolated from other human activities, and analyzed separately. The alternative is to take the general activity pattern of individuals as the departure point, and to consider travel as a derived demand. The basis of this study are diaries, kept during a full week on the basis of quarter hours by a sample of approximately 1100 persons.First, results with respect to travel frequency and travel time are given. Secondly, the influence of car availability and degree of urbanisation on travel behaviour is studied. Next, the population is divided into five person categories, and the travel pattern and activity pattern are studied separately per person group. Finally, links between travel and other activities are tentatively established.     

气压ABS系统流量特性的实验研究

开发了气压ABS电磁阀测试系统，建立了气室充、放气过程压力变化的微分方程，结合两者研究了气压ABS系统的流量特性，获得了某中型客车ABS系统在不同情况下的流量系数。讨论了ABS电磁阀的结构参数和动作频率对整个系统流量特性的影响，并得到了几种典型动作频率下的流量系数。建立的气室压力模型和所求得的流量系数为气压ABS控制逻辑的设计提供了依据。     

Tool for Predicting the Ultimate Bending Moment of Ship and Ship-Shaped Hull Girders

The present paper presents a historical review associated with the research works on hull girder strength of ship and ship-shaped structures. Then, a new program is developed to determine the ultimate vertical bending moment of hull girder by applying direct method, stress distribution method, and progressive collapse analysis method. Six ships and ship-shaped structures used in the benchmark study of International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress (ISSC) in 2012 are adopted as examples. The calculation results by applying the developed program are analyzed and compared with the existing results. Finally, the roles of the developed program and its further development are discussed.