Distribution of suspended sediment in the coastal sea off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth: observation from TM data

Remote sensing technique was applied to estimate suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and to understand transportation, distribution and deposition of suspended sediment in the estuary and throughout the coastal sea, off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth. During low river discharge period, zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the estuary near the shore. SSC map shows that maximum SSC reaches 1050 mg/l in this period. Magnitude of SSC is mainly owing to resuspension of the bottom surface sediments induced by tidal currents flowing over shallow water depths. The influence of depth on resuspension is farther revealed from the distribution and magnitude of SSC along the head of Swatch of No Ground (SNG) submarine canyon. During high river discharge period, huge river outflow pushed the salt wedge and flashes away the suspended sediments in the coastal sea off the river mouth. Zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the coastal water approximately within 5–10 m depth of water, where the maximum SSC reaches 1700 mg/l. In this period, huge fluvial input of the suspended sediments including the resuspended bottom sediments and the particles remaining in suspension for longer period of time since their initial entry control mainly the magnitude of SSC. In the estuary near the shore, seasonal variation in the magnitude of SSC is not evident. In the coastal sea (>5 m water depth), seasonal influence in the magnitude of SSC could be concluded from the discrepancy between SSC values of two different seasons. Transportation and deposition of suspended sediments also experiences seasonal variations. At present, suspended sediments are being accumulated on the shallow shelf (between 5 and 10 m water depth) in low discharge period and on the mid-shelf (between 10 and 75 m water depth) during high discharge period. An empirical (exponential) relationship was found between gradual settle down of suspended sediments in the coastal sea and its lateral distance from the turbidity maximum.     

Study of Ecological Impact Regionalization of Expressway Construction in Guangxi

在综合分析广西公路建设生态影响特点的基础上,探讨了生态影响区划的原则和依据,建立了各级生态影响区单元划分的指标体系.本区划采用二级区划,即地貌侵蚀动力大区和生态敏感区.其中各级区划指标包括:海拔高度、年暴雨天数、年干旱天数、公路隔离效应指数、植被类型、土地石漠化程度和自然保护区分布等.本区划共分为4个一级区和11个二级区,便于在公路设计、建设和营运管理中采取目标明确的影响抑制措施.     

半干旱地区公路岩质边坡植被恢复技术工程试验——以内蒙古赤峰-通辽高速公路为例

针对半干旱地区公路岩质边坡的生态恢复难题,以内蒙古赤峰-通辽高速公路某岩质边坡为例,采用保育块技术与客土喷播技术相结合的方法构建以木本(灌木)为主、草本植物为辅的坡面植物群落。试验结果表明,此方法可使木本植物成活率达到60%以上且长势良好;草本植物生长茂盛,地上部生物量达自然阴坡生物量水平;物种构成以木本植物和多年生草本植物为主,群落稳定且植被覆盖度高于70%;移植的保育块树苗的根系结构与天然树木相似,具有主根发达、侧根不多但较强壮、根系呈网络状深入土中等特征。     

选择性PDGF受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂对兔PVR的治疗作用

目的　评价一种新的血小板源性生长因子 (platelet derivedgrowthfactor,PDGF)受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂AG12 95对兔增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变 (proliferativevitreoretinopathy ,PVR)的治疗作用。 方法　兔结膜成纤维细胞 (rabbitconjunctivalfibroblastscells,RCF)培养 ,用MTT分析法检测PDGF AA和 BB以及AG12 95对兔RCF的增殖状况的影响。建立PVR动物模型 ,玻璃体腔内给予AG12 95 ,用牵引性视网膜脱离 (tractionalretinaldetach ment,TRD)的发生率判断药物的体内疗效。眼视网膜电生理检查和HE染色分析药物的毒性。结果　 10 μmol·L-1和 10 0 μmol·L-1两种浓度的AG12 95均可显著抑制由PDGF AA和 BB诱导的成纤维细胞的增生 ,10 0 μmol·L-1AG12 95可减缓兔TRD的发生 ,但其作用仅持续至第 2 1d。在AG12 95治疗组中 ,未发现明显的网膜毒性。结论　PDGF受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂AG12 95可减缓兔TRD的发生。     

Wave responses of a coastal cargo ship consisting of unit modules

This article discusses the dynamic responses of a coastal cargo ship that consists of unit modules with advance forward speed in waves. We introduce a simple way of connecting the modules that has enough capability to link the modular parts of the ship as a unified whole. The flexible connection consists of male and female rubber fenders with additional pretensioned ropes. This kind of connection system is proposed for use in coastal regions with relatively calm waters wherein the modular ship can move at a moderate speed. The modules are assumed to be rigid compared to the connections. Computations were performed to investigate the vertical elastic responses of four modules connected end-to-end with the assumption that in the simple hinge, no gaps occur in the flexible rubber connections between adjacent modules. A simple method, which is an extension of the computational analysis we reported previously, is presented to study the hydroelasticity and rope tension forces of the modular ship with forward speed in waves. Experiments with a three-dimensional model at Froude numbers of 0 and 0.16 in head waves were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the calculation method. In the experiments, deflections for each part were measured using calibrated potentiometers. Force transducers were used to measure the rope tension force between the modules of the articulated cargo ship. Some slight differences were observed, but generally the calculated results showed the same trends as the experimental values.     

Fracture control of extremely thick welded steel plates applied to the deck structure of large container ships

The rapid enlargement of the size of container ships has led to the application of extremely thick plate in the deck structures, which may grow concerns about the fracture toughness at the butt-weld with large amount of heat input, and the arrest toughness of brittle crack propagation in the base metal of such thick plates. Also, slam-induced whipping stresses might affect the fatigue crack propagation and the initiation of a brittle crack in a container ship. In order to prevent the catastrophic failure of deck structures by brittle fracture, national joint research projects, which focused on the safety-related issues of extremely thick steel plate applied to hull of large container ships, were formed from April 2007 to March 2011 organized by the Japan Ship Technology Research Association (JSTRA) supported by the Japanese Government in collaboration with universities, national research institute, classification societies and relevant industries including shipbuilding, steel manufacturing and shipping companies. The joint research projects have carried out the investigations on crack initiation toughness of the weld, fatigue crack propagation under seaway loading, the potential of defect detection by ultrasonic testing, and the crack-arrest methods after brittle crack propagation. Practical recommendations to prevent brittle fracture of large container ships were proposed based on these comprehensive investigations. The essential parts of the above research activities are presented in this paper.     

First year ice interactions on Molikpaq: Measurements and experiments

The Molikpaq is a steel mobile arctic structure which has been used for exploration of hydrocarbon reserves on the Canadian Beaufort shelf. In early 1986, the Molikpaq experienced numerous interactions with various ice features at Amanuligak I-65. An extensive ice loads investigation program was conducted as a joint industrial project. Ishikawajima-Harima Heary Industries (IHI) has proposed a method to estimate the global ice load on an arctic structure by utilizing results from ice tank experiments. Experiments were conducted in the IHI ice model tank using a model of the Molikpaq. A comparison between the measured ice loads and the estimated ice loads was made and it was found to be in fair agreement, in spite of some uncertainties involved in both the measured and the estimated ice loads. In this paper, instrumentation which the Molikpaq employed in the investigation program is briefly introduced. Failure modes of ice features observed in the program are also mentioned. The basic idea behind the dual parameters testing and estimating method (DuPTEM) is described. The model experiments and the results are then outlined. The comparison between the measured and estimated ice loads is shown. Finally, uncertainties in both the estimated and the measured ice loads are discussed.     

Model experiment reproducing an incident of fast ferry

A model scale experiment at a new basin reproduced a phenomenon occurring for a fast ferry; large roll motion and subsequent cargo shift in a quartering sea. Wave generators surrounding the whole periphery of the basin realized a designated directional sea. A carriage system tracked a free-running model ship and a movable weight simulated the cargo shift. Measuring the directional wave field in the basin confirmed the all-around wave generator successfully reproduced the intended wave field that was estimated for the location and the time of the incident. The encounter wave spectrum analyzed using measured data agree well with the theoretically predicted one. The reproduced ship motion, triggered by a small concentrating wave, tells how the ship responded in the successive large quartering waves and the validity of the procedure to reproduce the incident. Repeated measurements of the model ship’s extreme motion confirm a high repeatability of the experiment.