光滑质点流体动力学(SPH)及其算法特性

基于Lagrange观点的无网格方法计算是建立在一群可移动的自适应性的质点基础之上,对特大变形区域和自由表面的捕捉有着较高的精度.光滑质点流体动力学(SPH)是无网格方法的一种,本文阐述其理论基础和计算方法,主要包括:SPH的基本概念、核近似和粒子近似的基本原理,核函数的构造方法、SPH形式的流体运动方程、边界处理方法和数值算例等多方面内容.研究工作在了解SPH方法的理论特点和潜在优势的同时,也为相关问题的深入研究和改进奠定了理论和算法基础.     

溃坝模拟的光滑粒子流体动力学方法及其粘性特性(英文)

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian meshless particle method. It is one of the best method for simulating violent free surface flows in fluids and solving large fluid deformations. Dam breaking is a typical example of these problems. The basis of SPH was reviewed, including some techniques for governing equation resolution, such as the stepping method and the boundary handling method. Then numerical results of a dam breaking simulation were discussed, and the benefits of concepts like artificial viscosity and position correction were analyzed in detail. When compared with dam breaking simulated by the volume of fluid (VOF) method, the wave profile generated by SPH had good agreement, but the pressure had only reasonable agreement. Improving pressure results is clearly an important next step for research.     

船舶操纵水动力导数的数值求解及敏感度分析

[目的]为了兼顾船舶操纵运动预报的成本与精度,基于数值计算方法,结合水动力导数敏感度分析,提出一种船舶操纵运动预报方法。[方法]首先,求解RANS方程,应用流体体积（VOF）法捕捉自由液面,采用动态网格方法对DTMB 5 415船型进行约束运动的数值计算,并将回归得到的线性水动力导数与试验值进行对比,验证数值方案的有效性;然后,基于MMG分离建模方法建立DTMB 5 415船模的操纵数学模型,并利用龙格-库塔算法进行求解,对船舶回转和Z形操纵运动进行仿真;最后,分析水动力导数对这2种操纵运动的敏感度。[结果]结果显示,采用所提方法得到的操纵轨迹和衡准参数仿真结果与试验结果一致,回转运动参数的平均误差为5.1%,Z形操纵运动参数的平均误差为11.7%,较文献使用CFD进行自航船模模拟得到运动参数的精度与计算成本均有所改善;水动力敏感度分析结果也验证了部分非线性水动力导数对操纵性衡准的影响较小,可以使用经验公式进行估算。[结论]研究表明采用所提方法进行船舶操纵性预报方法可行,可在满足工程应用精度的同时大大减少计算成本,尤其适用于船舶设计阶段的操纵性预报及优化。     

K2_SPH方法及其在二维水波模拟中的应用(英文)

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian meshless particle method. However, its low accuracy of kernel approximation when particles are distributed disorderly or located near the boundary is an obstacle standing in the way of its wide application. Adopting the Taylor series expansion method and solving the integral equation matrix, the second order kernel approximation method can be obtained, namely K2_SPH, which is discussed in this paper. This method is similar to the Finite Particle Method. With the improvement of kernel approximation, some numerical techniques should be adopted for different types of boundaries, such as a free surface boundary and solid boundary, which are two key numerical techniques of K2_SPH for water wave simulation. This paper gives some numerical results of two dimensional water wave simulations involving standing wave and sloshing tank problems by using K2_SPH. From the comparison of simulation results, the K2_SPH method is more reliable than standard SPH.     

开孔沉箱在港口工程中的应用实例

回顾开孔沉箱的研究成果，在此基础上以大连中远船务30万吨浮船坞工程中的直立式防波堤设计为例，介绍开孔沉箱结构在港口工程中的应用，以期为进一步的理论研究提供工程实践参考。     

大连中远船务30 万吨浮船坞工程设计特点与创新

大连中远船务30万t浮船坞工程位于大连中远船务厂区内,建设30万吨级浮船坞一座、30万吨级修船码头一座和防波堤。总平面布置解决了与相邻企业港口有限水域、岸线的合理利用以及防波堤的合理轴线及长度的优化问题。修船码头采用了施工经验丰富的沉箱重力式结构。防波堤采用开孔削角沉箱直立堤的创新结构,具有消浪效果好、越浪量小、结构受力好等优点。浮船坞锚碇首次采用嵌岩灌注桩锚桩结构,内力计算采用地基土抗力系数为常数的张氏法。     

新型电缆贯通供电系统的保护方案

为解决新型电缆贯通供电系统的接触网和牵引电缆使用现有分段保护方案会误动作的问题,研究负荷电流对接触网电流纵差保护的作用机理,提出接触网采用故障分量电流纵差保护方案;并利用相量法分析空载情况下电容电流对牵引电缆现有保护方案的影响,通过在每个分段回路牵引电缆的首、末两端空载时并联电抗器,及负载时切除电抗器,实现电流纵差的保护.研究结果表明：接触网中的负荷电流由两侧牵引变压器一起供给是引起接触网电流纵差保护误动作的原因,而提出的采用故障分量电流构成的接触网短路保护不受双边供电下正常负荷电流的影响;空载情况下,电容电流会使牵引电缆末端电流较首端电流的幅值和相角发生变化,导致保护误动作,提出的牵引电缆首末两端并联电抗器的方法可以解决这个问题.     

国际航空运输需求的不完全可逆研究——来自美英国际航空运输市场的实证证据

不完全可逆是对消费者短期行为与长期行为差异的一种体现方式。本研究通过对2010年2月至2016年12月美国与英国之间的国际航空运输数据进行分析,发现关英之间的国际航空运输需求对票价和汇率同时存在不完全可逆性,而且通过对短期和长期结果的对比发现航空运输需求的汇率的短期弹性和长期弹性不仅存在大小上的差异,甚至影响方向上的差异都有可能存在。此外,本研究还对不完全可逆的检验方法进行了修正,使其能够适应本研究中出现的系数相反的情形。     

中美航空货运市场不平衡性的原因分析

本文分析了导致中美航空货运市场在内的中国国际航空货运市场不平衡性的根本原因,在于生产与消费相分离的世界经济结构不平衡性,而这个不平衡性影响到中国的进出口商品结构,进而影响航空货运的不平衡性。     

SPH中改进无网格插值方法比较和精度分析(英文)

In the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, a meshless interpolation scheme is needed for the unknown function in order to discretize the governing equation. A particle approximation method has so far been used for this purpose. Traditional particle interpolation (TPI) is simple and easy to do, but its low accuracy has become an obstacle to its wider application. This can be seen in the cases of particle disorder arrangements and derivative calculations. There are many different methods to improve accuracy, with the moving least square (MLS) method one of the most important meshless interpolation methods. Unfortunately, it requires complex matrix computing and so is quite time-consuming. The authors developed a simpler scheme, called higher-order particle interpolation (HPI). This scheme can get more accurate derivatives than the MLS method, and its function value and derivatives can be obtained simultaneously. Although this scheme was developed for the SPH method, it has been found useful for other meshless methods.