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交通流密度是衡量道路服务水平的指标之一. 当交通流中车辆长度和速度变化较大时,占有率则可以更好地反映交通流密度状况. 占有率的测定能够考虑到车辆的长度和速度变化,但是其值受到测量区域长度的影响,并且在混合交通情况下测量值缺乏准确性. 对于没有车道行驶规则的混合交通流,应当以整条路段为单位进行交通流分析. 因此本文提出了“区域占有率”的概念,且利用仿真技术验证其有效性. 对混合交通流条件下的占有率和区域占有率进行比较分析,区域占有率可以更合理地描述混合交通流的密度. 同时,得出混合交通条件下的区域占有率和交通流速度关系,证明了混合交通流条件下区域占有率提出的合理性和准确性.     

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研究印度城市道路上设置公交专用道后小汽车出行向公交转移的可能性. 借助新的混合交通流仿真模型测定设置公交专用道后公交服务水平改善状况. 基于陈述偏好入户调查的抽样数据,本文还引入其他影响出行方式转移的变量,标定出行方式选择二元Logit模型. 根据实际和预测数据,确定了公交服务水平改善条件下小汽车出行向公交转移的一系列主要影响因素. 基于两种方式出行时间差,绘制出行方式转换概率曲线,并为多变量宽值域条件下交通方式转移的预测提供一种易于操作的方法.     

Methodology for Determination of Concentration of Hetrogeneous Traffic

Traffic density provides an indication of the level of service being provided to the road users. When the length and speed of the vehicles in a traffic stream varies significantly, however, it has been found that the concept of occupancy, rather than density, is more appropriate to describe traffic concentration. This is because of the reason that occupancy takes into account the variation in the speed and length of vehicles in its measurement. The value of occupancy, however, changes with change in the detection-zone length. Also, the measure occupancy is not appropriate under heterogeneous traffic conditions, as the traffic has no lane discipline and hence, it is necessary to consider the whole of the width of the road as single unit to analyze the traffic flow. Hence, a new concept named, “area-occupancy” is proposed. Simulation technique has been used to validate the concept of area-occupancy. To check for the validity of the concept, the occupancy and area-occupancy of a homogeneous traffic stream were related to the density of the stream and it was found that area-occupancy can be a substitute for occupancy. Then, the concept of area-occupancy was applied for heterogeneous traffic and a relationship was developed between area-occupancy and traffic stream speed. The developed relationship is found to be logical indicating the appropriateness of the area-occupancy concept for heterogeneous traffic conditions.