S^2 BHCA Multiple AUVs cooperation oriented control architecture

Oceanographic survey, or other similar applications should be the applications of multiple AUVs. In this paper, the skill ＆ simulation based hybrid control architecture （S^2BHCA） as the controller＇s design reference was proposed. It is a multi-robot cooperation oriented intelligent control architecture based on hybrid ideas. The S^2BHCA attempts to incorporate the virtues of the reactive controller and of the deliberative controller by introducing the concept of the ＂skill＂. The additional online task simulation ability for cooperation is supported, too. As an application, a multiple AUV control system was developed with three ＂skills＂ for the MCM mission including two different cooperative tasks. The simulation and the sea trials show that simple task expression, fast reaction and better cooperation support can be achieved by realizing the AUV controller based on the S^2BHCA.     

福塔纤维沥青混凝土性能研究

福塔纤维（FORTA AR）是一种新型的聚合物有机纤维，它由聚丙烯（Pnlypropylene）和芳纶（Keylar）按照质量比3：1混合而成。对掺加0．045％福塔纤维、0．3％的德兰尼特纤维（Dolanit）以及不加纤维的沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性、以及水稳定性等路用性能进行了研究，结果表明福塔纤维沥青混合料具有优良的路用性能；继而对福塔纤维改善沥青混合料路用性能的机理进行了分析。     

Mixed analysis of shell and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method

 This article presents a mixed method of analyzing shell elements and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method. In the structural design of a ship's hull, the shell elements are used for the global model. However, the solid elements are necessary to analyze the stress concentration zones or the vicinity of a crack. In such cases, the models are analyzed using zooming analysis, in which the results of a global model analysis are transferred to a local model analysis by imposing boundary conditions. This method is more advantageous than zooming analysis in terms of the accuracy of the solution and the modeling flexibility. Some examples of a plate model with a cracked surface or with a projection are shown in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Received: August 6, 2002 / Accepted: November 25, 2002 Address correspondence to: S. Nakasumi (sumi@nasl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp) Updated from the Japanese original, which won the 2002 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2001;189:219–224; and 190:655–662)     

Dynamic Simulation of a Smart Crank and Slider Mechanism

In this paper, a smart crank and slider mechanism is analyzed mostly from a dynamic view. By means of dynamic explicit finite element method, 3D nonlinear structure is simulated. It is proved that the mechanism can effectively accomplish smart movement prescribed. And in order to ensure reciprocal movement with higher frequency, measures should be taken to avoid over heating of parts. Compared with internal energy, kinetic energy of total rigid body is dominating, and Y direction equivalent rigid velocity is much higher than X direction velocity. Equivalent rigid velocity of all parts is consistent with respective movement condition. For both energy and velocity, slider effect is dominating. Three direction equivalent inertia force oscillates. Force amplitude in Y -direction is comparitively the greatest.     

Maritime accident investigation and temporal determinants of maritime accidents: A case study

This paper presents the results of an investigation into temporal determinants of maritime accidents based on a data-set obtained from the proceedings of formal inquiries in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). The results show that there is no statistically significant outcome between the probability for an accident and the time of watch. Thus the results do not confirm previous studies, which reported significant time of day effects.The outcome of this study indicates that marine inquiries can provide useful data for an analysis of underlying causes of maritime accidents. It is suggested that accident inquiries should be extended into the area of watch systems employed and should record the hours of work and of rest of the officers on the watch involved in a maritime accident.     

The role of professional associations in shipping

This article is in three parts. The first covers the historical development of qualifying associations. The second covers the particular role of maritime institutions that include The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, The Institute of Marine Engineering Science and Technology and The Nautical Institute. The third and final section considers the future for maritime professional associations in the context of international shipping.     

“法显航达美洲” ——一个无中生有的妄说

中国与美洲大陆遥遥相对,在科技水平和交通手段远远落后于今天的古代,茫茫太平洋几乎不可逾越。然而,18世纪后期发端于欧洲学术界的＂中国人发现美洲说＂,却把两者频繁地联系在一起。继＂殷人航渡美洲说＂和＂慧深东渡扶桑说＂之后，＂法显航达美洲说＂也一度成为学术界激烈争论的热点。笔者以为，如果说＂殷人航渡美洲说＂是基于实物证据基础上的大胆想象，     

交通仿真技术在高速公路改扩建保通中的应用

高速公路的改扩建约束条件较多,研究和制定高速公路改扩建工程施工期间交通保障方案具有重要意义。文中简述了交通仿真的基本概念,并以仿真软件TSIS中的FRESIM模型建立连霍高速公路(郑州段)交通仿真模型,分析研究连霍高速公路(郑州段)加宽扩建施工中的最合适限制车速。     

A review of the Effect of α/W ratio on fracture toughness （Ⅱ） experimental investigation in LEFM

In part I of this series, experimental investigation in EPFM （elastic-plastic fracture mechanics） had been discussed. In this paper, experimental investigation in LEFM （ linear elastic fracture mechanics） is given. Fracture toughness tests had been carried out on three different strength steels, using both through-cracked specimens with different α/W ratio and semi-elliptical cracked specimens with variable crack size and shape. Results show that the fracture toughness KIC increases with decreasing α/W when α/W 〈 0.3 for three-point-bend specimens, and that for α/W 〉 0.3, it is independent of α/W. Shallow crack specimens, both through-cracked and surface-cracked, gave markedly higher values than deeply notched specimens. However, the effect of crack shape on fracture toughness is negligible. Results also show that the LEFM approach to fracture is not tenable for design stresses where αc is often very small, far less than 2.5 （ KIC/σy）^2.     

螯虾神经轴突上双微电极细胞内刺激与记录及其实验观察

本文以螯虾细小神经轴突为标本,成功地应用双玻璃微电极进行细胞内刺激与电活动的记录。观察了细小神经轴突膜电生理和物理特性参数。钾离子通道特异性阻滞剂4—氨基吡啶,使Weiss式中常数b值显著减少;a值无明显变化;膜静息电位去极化;阈电位水平上移;动作电位幅值、锋电位时程、膜电阻和膜时间常数均有显著意义的增加。结果提示:4—氨基吡啶可提高膜的应激性,对神经膜兴奋性无明显影响;生物膜应激性及膜电阻的变化与钾通道的活动状态有密切关系。