The Movingo integrated ticket: seamless connections across the mälardalen region of Sweden

ABSTRACT

The need for improved public transport (PT) ticketing in ever-growing deregulated PT markets has made well-designed integrated ticketing systems a priority area of intervention for PT service providers around the world. Yet, very little practical evidence of its impacts are reported in Sweden and in the world at large. The focus of this study was the impacts of the Movingo integrated ticketing scheme in terms of PT patronage, user satisfaction and the perceived quality of the ticketing set-up. Three travel surveys were conducted along the Stockholm-Uppsala route. Methods including logistic regression and correlated t-tests were used to analyse the samples. The findings suggest that the scheme made rail commuting more attractive resulting in an overall increase of about 24% in ticket sales with 3% – 15% car commuters reporting that they patronised PT services after the project. The scheme also resulted in increased rail commuter satisfaction. The overall perceived quality of the ticketing set-up did not however improve due to interoperability challenges. Service providers’ uncertainty about equitable distribution of revenue among the participating service providers, interoperability challenges and the lack of interest among most of the participating service providers to sell Movingo tickets are some issues to be addressed.     

Widening the Panama Canal and U.S. ports: historical and economic impact analyses

ABSTRACT

The economic history of the U.S. illustrates how the role of many cities has been changed by being seaports or located on navigable rivers or lakes. Based on the widening of the Panama Canal in 2016, the West Coast ports that include the west coast seaports of California, Oregon, and Washington were expected to become less important, while the freight shares of the East Coast and Gulf ports would increase. By how much it has been not easy to measure or predict so far, but this study attempted to define some of the key parameters in the measurement. As well as several relevant background topics, both the demand- and supply-side versions of the National Interstate Economic Model, have been applied for the measurement of economic impacts. U.S. port authorities and policy makers at the local and national levels who respond and develop plans for coping with the new realities of the Panama Canal are able to understand the extent to which changes in shippers’ and land-mode transporters’ behaviors would undermine the logistics and the costs of their activities. Therefore, this study is important for a diverse spectrum of port development strategies in the U.S. to respond to the Canal expansion.     

Time-series analysis of remote-sensed chlorophyll and environmental factors in the Santa Monica–San Pedro Basin off Southern California

The time-series of remote-sensed surface chlorophyll concentration measured by SeaWiFS radiometer from September 1997 to December 2001 and the relevant hydrological and meteorological factors (remote-sensed sea surface temperature, atmospheric precipitation, air temperature and wind stress) in Santa Monica Bay and adjacent waters off southern California were analyzed using wavelet and cross-correlation statistical methods. All parameters exhibited evident seasonal patterns of variation. Wavelet analysis revealed salient long-term variations most evident in air temperature during El Niño 1997–1998 and in wind stress during La Niña 1998–1999. Short-period (<100 days) variations of remote-sensed chlorophyll biomass were mostly typical to spring seasons. Chlorophyll biomass was significantly correlated with air temperature and wind stress: an increase of chlorophyll biomass followed with 5–6-day time lag an increase of wind stress accompanied by a simultaneous decrease of air temperature. The mechanism of these variations was an intensification of phytoplankton growth resulting from the mixing of water column by wind stress and entrainment of nutrients into the euphotic layer.     

冲绳城市单轨运输系统

简要介绍了冲绳城市单轨运输系统的设施和车辆概况.     

Total oil spill costs and compensations

Although counteracting environmental programmes and policies have been strengthened, large oil spills still occur at irregular intervals. The total oil spill costs and their compensations have attracted much interest from various parties, such as local stakeholders, and state and federal governments. This paper addresses five major cost categories whose aggregations are expected to cover the overall direct and indirect costs after the release of an oil spill. Among them, research costs should not be neglected, since they tend to be high if public attention has been drawn to the case. Through an examination of the relationship between the total oil spill costs and their admissible claims, we found that:

1. admissible claims do not cover the overall costs of the oil spill, and
2. admissible claims cannot be compensated in full in the case of large spills.

Clearly, a sound oil spill contingency management aims to minimize both the environmental impacts of areas most at risk and the total oil spill costs. In this paper an economic model for measuring environmental damages following an oil spill is addressed and applied to the Prestige case which happened to be the worst oil pollution in the history of Spain. The model indicates how an ideally a priori economic evaluation may intuitively help managers to make informed as well as fast decisions in contingency cases.     

不完全竞争与过剩经济的理论分析

章从理论上分析了不完全竞争对经济过剩的影响，指出，当家庭在劳动市场上面临数量约束时，将导致对消费品需求减少，从而存在从劳动市场到产品市场的溢出效应；当厂商在商品市场上面临数量约束时，将导致对劳动需求减少，从而又存在从产品市场到高层到劳动市场的溢出效应，章从而个市场的关系出发，分析了乘数发挥作用的前提条件。     

集装箱制造业遭遇寒流

寒流来了2005年上半年,集装箱产业的前景还是相当喜人。连续多年强劲的市场需求,导致了产量的大幅提高。2005年下半年的集装箱产量为90万TE U,比上半年的160万TEU少了将近70万TEU,许多厂商都将生产线改为一班制或缩短工作时间。在几年间取得飞速发展、持续上扬的集装箱市场,终于碰到了“天花板”。2005年末,集装箱产量骤减,价格也相应地大幅回落。三年来对集装箱的强劲需求,近似强弩之末了。中国作为集装箱生产大国,生产了全球将近95%的集装箱,拥有全球90%的集装箱制造设备。各集装箱制造企业纷纷削减干货箱的产量,给这个国际性的产业蒙…     

莆田显惠侯神灵及其对船员的保护

著名的莆田祥应庙前身是当地白杜方氏家族专用的祠堂.庙里供奉的神灵显惠侯,当地的百姓把他视为农业生产及生命财产的保护神,同时,他也是航海者信奉的神灵.本文作者以周尾和朱纺这两人出海之前均到该庙膜拜的典型事例,分析指出上述二人的出海经商与白杜方氏家族存在着直接关系,可能是受雇于当时既从事农业又涉猎海上贸易的白杜方氏家族,因此宋时显惠侯只是一个地方性的神灵,只对某一部分人提供某些特定的庇护,并不具有普遍意义.     

微波介质材料与器件的现状与发展

介绍国内外微波介质材料的发展历史以及现状,比较国内外微波介质材料的发展水平。总结基于微波介质材料的器件应用,同时展望微波介质材料及其器件的发展趋势。     

F1车手们的菜单

不熟悉比赛的车迷或许不了解F1车手的体能负荷有多重？这可不是一个是“转转方向盘就好了”的轻松工作。比赛全程中车手的心脏跳动次数每分钟都超过200次，赛完之后车手会减轻3到4公斤（失去的水分）。想象一下在炎热的下午，巨大的运动量加上穿着密不通风的防火赛车服，每年数百万英镑的年薪也不是那么好赚！超乎常人的体力与耐力来自于持续不间断的训练与完美搭配的饮食，F1车手们在比赛周与日常生活的饮食菜单是什么？[编者按]