Sentiment analysis of popular-music references to automobiles, 1950s to 2010s

In recent years, there has been a scholarly debate regarding the decrease in automobile-related mobility indicators (car ownership, driving license holding, VMT, etc.). Broadly speaking, two theories have been put forward to explain this trend: (1) economic factors whose impacts are well-understood in principle, but whose occurrence among young adults as a demographic sub-group had been overlooked, and (2) less well-understood shifts in cultural mores, values and sentiment towards the automobile. This second theory is devilishly difficult to study, due primarily to limitations in standard data resources such as the National Household Travel Survey and international peer datasets. In this study we first compiled a database of lyrics to popular music songs from 1956 to 2015 (defined by inclusion in the annual “top 40”), and subsequently identified references to automobiles within this corpus. We then evaluated whether there is support for theory #2 above within popular music, by looking at changes from the 1950s to the 2010s. We demonstrate that the frequency of references to automobility tended for many years to increase over time, however there has more recently been a decline after the late 2000s (decade). In terms of the sentiment of popular music lyrics that reference automobiles, our results are mixed as to whether the references are becoming increasingly positive or negative (machine analysis suggests increasing negativity, while human analysis did not find a significant association), however a consistent observation is that sentiment of automobile references have over time become more positive relative to sentiment of song lyrics overall. We also show that sentiment towards automobile references differs systematically by genre, e.g. automobile references within ‘Rock’ lyrics are in general more negative than similar references to cars in other music genres). The data generated on this project have been archived and made available open access for use by future researchers; details are in the full paper.

     

地铁换乘站客流滞留模型

为改善地铁换乘站的乘客滞留问题,依据工作日早高峰的客流特征和乘客滞留特征,建立滞留情况随时间变化的数学模型.结合南京地铁大行宫站设施布局,采用AnyLogic搭建仿真实验研究发车间隔、候车人数等因素对乘客滞留人数及比例的影响.结果表明,08:00前后滞留最为严重,滞留人数由初始的52人上升至160人左右,其中64.8％ 的乘客滞留在站台中部的5个区域,高峰小时结束后滞留人数仍保持在110人左右;发车间隔减小20 s后滞留得到初步缓解.模型能够有效地表现出换乘站台的滞留情况和变化趋势,降低发车间隔时间、适当限流并引导乘客分散候车,既能够有效地减少滞留乘客的数量,又能在一定程度上减少滞留现象的持续时间.     

4种地铁减振轨道轮轨动态相互作用对比分析

为了研究地铁曲线段不同减振轨道的轮轨动态相互作用,通过现场实测数据对比分析了橡胶隔振垫道床轨道、钢弹簧浮置板道床轨道、梯形轨枕轨道、单趾弹条扣件轨道4种减振轨道结构的轮轨力、钢轨动态位移,以及对应断面处隧道壁的垂向振动加速度。分析结果表明:单趾弹条扣件轨道振动相对较大,钢弹簧浮置板道床振动相对较小;4种减振轨道对应的轮轨垂向力、横向力、脱轨系数均满足列车安全运营要求;钢弹簧浮置板道床轨道的钢轨动态位移平均值较大,但小于安全限值。     

普速铁路繁忙干线钢轨服役现状的调查分析

针对普速铁路繁忙干线,测试了累计通过总质量800～1100 Mt线路钢轨的硬度、廓形、磨耗和锈蚀深度、焊接接头平直度,调研了钢轨使用和伤损情况.结果表明:钢轨踏面中心硬化率不大于7％;打磨后钢轨实测廓形与60N标准廓形在轮轨接触区域竖向偏差不大于0.2 mm;钢轨垂直磨耗在3.0～5.7 mm,轨底角边缘厚度在8.35...     

黑名单快速匹配算法的研究

以电话号码为例进行了黑名单快速匹配算法的研究,并给出了具体实现方式.     

基于列车实时数据协议的以太网高速通信技术

为了满足列车通信网络中过程数据与消息数据传输的需要,在可扩展处理平台上,设计了一种基于列车实时数据协议(TRDP)的以太网网卡,并在此基础上提出一种片间总线接口方法,实现了对过程数据和消息数据的实时交互,解决了传统片间总线速率低的问题;同时利用串并联端接电阻,从硬件上改善了高速片间总线的信号完整性,保证了高速模式下过程数据与消息数据的实时交互;在所搭建的研究测试平台上,实现了TRDP对过程数据的高速传输。     

自动化气动控制在汽车行业的应用

汽车行业中气动控制装置在车身生产线的定位、输送、传动等广泛应用,其中现场总线式阀岛控制多组气缸时序动作的应用逐渐普及,论文重点针对一组阀岛控制多组气缸的应用原理、技术特点及主流阀岛费斯托(FESTO)网络配置应用进行讲解。     

Recognizing metro-bus transfers from smart card data

Transfer points between metro and bus services remain an elusive, yet critical junction for transportation practitioners. Based on massive Smart Card (SC) data, previous studies apply a one-size-fits-all criterion to discriminate between transfers. However, this is not sufficiently convincing for different transfer pairs. To counter this problem, this study applies an association rules algorithm and cluster analysis to recognize metro-to-bus transfers using SC data, and demonstrates transfer recognition in a case study based on SC data collected during a week in Nanjing, China. It is shown that 85% of the transfer-recognition results are quite stable through the whole week, and the median transfer time between metro and bus is below 20?min. The method proposed in this study can be used to identify the busiest transfer points and to obtain average transfer times, which facilitates a smarter and more efficient public transit network.     

SC-FDE系统中一种信道估计方法的研究

单载波频域均衡(SC-FDE)技术是一种能有效对抗无线传输多径效应的方法.根据SC-FDE系统中2UW帧结构的特殊性质,在多径延迟不是很大的慢时变传输条件下,对一般的LS和基于DFT的信道估计方法进行改进,提出了一种适合SC-FDE系统的估计方法.仿真分析显示,这种方法可以带来较好的性能增益.