Pb and Pu in the Northeast Water Polynya, Greenland: particle dynamics and sediment mixing rates

Distributions of the radionuclides ²¹⁰Pb and ^239,240Pu in sediment cores from the Northeast Water Polynya, Greenland, showed that these nuclides reached depths of 5–15 cm by particle mixing and sediment accumulation. End-member average values of the particle mixing coefficient and sediment accumulation rate were 0.13 cm² y⁻¹ and 0.06 cm y⁻¹, obtained from the ²¹⁰Pb profiles by assuming that each process is dominant relative to the other. Both ²¹⁰Pb and ^239,240Pu were measured on four cores; using the Pu data to constrain mixing rates produced corrected sediment accumulation rates that were 20–80% of the values calculated by neglecting mixing. Organic carbon burial in the polynya sediments was ≤0.4 mmol m⁻² d⁻¹, based on measured POC values at depth in the sediments and sediment accumulation rates corrected for mixing. This value is about 1% of the independently measured POC flux leaving the euphotic zone and compares with benthic carbon remineralization rates of 7% calculated by others from O₂ uptake in the sediments.The inventories of excess ²¹⁰Pb in the sediments ranged from 6 to 28 dpm cm⁻². Relative to the atmospheric input of ²¹⁰Pb and in situ production from decay of ²²⁶Ra, approximately 5 dpm cm⁻² of ²¹⁰Pb was being removed from the water column. The difference between the removal from the water column and sediment inventories suggests a net import of ²¹⁰Pb to the polynya. This may occur by input of dissolved ²¹⁰Pb from offshore waters or by input of ²¹⁰Pb carried by sea ice. Particulate matter in land-derived fast ice adjacent to the polynya contained 330 ± 14 dpm of excess ²¹⁰Pb g⁻¹. If particles transported in sea ice are comparable to those extracted from fast ice, then sea ice transport into the polynya followed by melting may be an important source of excess ²¹⁰Pb to the area. Fast ice also may contribute ²¹⁰Pb if portions break off and melt within the polynya, as occurred in 1993.     

A proposed quantitative methodology for the evaluation of the effectiveness of Human Element,Leadership and Management (HELM) training in the UK

In 2006, a review of maritime accidents found that non-technical skills (NTSs) are the single largest contributing factor towards such incidents. NTSs are composed of both interpersonal and cognitive elements. These include things such as situational awareness, teamwork, decision making, leadership, management and communication skills. In a crisis situation, good NTSs allow a deck officer to quickly recognise that a problem exists and then harness the resources that are at their disposal to safely and efficiently bring the situation back under control. This paper has two aims. The first is to develop a methodology which will enable educators to quantitatively assess the impact of Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA)-approved Human Element, Leadership and Management (HELM) training on deck officer’s NTSs with a view to identifying further training requirements. The second is to determine whether the HELM training provided to develop the NTSs of trainee deck officers is fit for purpose. To achieve these aims, a three-phase approach was adopted. Initially, a taxonomy for deck officer’s NTSs is established, behavioural markers are identified and the relative importance of each attribute is calculated using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Subsequently, a set of scenarios were identified for the assessment of deck officer’s NTSs in a ship bridge simulator environment. A random selection of students that have completed the Chief Mate (CM) programme was performed, and data regarding their NTS-related performance in the scenarios was collected. Finally, the collected data was fed into the evidential reasoning (ER) algorithm, utility values were produced and, having established these values, the effectiveness of the HELM training that the students have received was then evaluated.     

Occupational mortality among British merchant seafarers (1986-1995)

The decline of the British merchant fleet in recent years has led to an increasing proportion of British seafarers taking employment in flags of convenience and other foreign-registered vessels. It is then a matter of some importance as to whether the British seafarers who serve in foreign ships are at greater risk of mortality and, when fatalities do occur, whether the deaths are appropriately investigated. Using information obtained from files at the Registrar General for Shipping, the Marine Accident Investigation Branch and many Coroners, it is evident that British seafarers serving in foreign vessels were, during the study period 1986–1995, at greater risk of mortality through work-related accidents, suicides and unexplained disappearances at sea. Those serving in the British fleet, however, died more frequently through illnesses, and through off-duty accidents and drowning. When fatalities occurred in the British fleet, the relevant log book extracts were routinely deposited with the appropriate British authorities; for deaths in FOC vessels these documents were rarely forthcoming. While the deaths of British seafarers were investigated in the large majority of cases, foreign flag state authorities seldom conducted inquiries; it was the British authorities who usually conducted the investigations.     

各运输公司上调中东航运价

在接下来的几个月中，远东和中东海湾地区的货物托运人将面临一次运费的大幅上调。受到显增长的集装箱货运量，尤其是通向西方的货运量的鼓励，非正式运价协议（the Informal Rate Agreement，简称IRA）的成员公司决定自7月1目起上调集装箱运价，每标准箱加收300美元、每大箱加收600美元。     

Assessing the economic significance of port activity: evidence from ABP Operations in industrial South Wales

The paper seeks to improve the evidence base surrounding regional ports and their economic impact. The paper reveals that industries dependent on the port infrastructure are actually key regional players, often operating in relatively fast growth sectors, and contributing to the economic and social needs of the local economy. The focus in the case element of the paper is the operations of Associated British Ports (ABP) plc in industrial South Wales. In examining the direct and indirect consequences of the port activity the paper adopts an input-output framework of analysis. A better contextualization of the economic impact of ports is shown to be necessary in the devolved policy-making environment in the region.     

Socio-ecological Mobility: A Research Strategy for a New Coastline

Abstract

Persistent development, population pressures, and increasing natural hazards are unequivocally changing socio-ecological systems in the coastal zone. This essay provides direction and initiates scientific dialog on the potential role of mobility in adapting to natural and social changes in coastal environments. The essay identifies four key research areas on information needed to develop coastal management actions and policies that support and recognize socio-ecological coupling in coastal areas. The proposed research includes: (1) modeling localized scenarios that illustrate the tradeoffs associated with various sea level rise adaptation, (2) assessing and consolidating mobility terminology for different applications and contexts, (3) developing solutions to synchronize the co-migration of natural environments and built infrastructure, and (4) evaluating existing or creating new transparent, equitable, and sustainable policies and incentives to support socio-ecological mobility by using case studies and social science methods to understand how people make mobility decisions in different contexts.     

THE EFFECT OF RT-PA ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH THROMBIN INHIBITORS IN A MODEL OF CEREBROVASCULAR THROMBOSIS IN THE RABBIT

Occlusivevasculardisorders,bothvenousandarterial,aresomeofthemostcommoncausesofmorbidityandmortalityindevelopedcountries.Theaimoftherapyinsuchconditionsis,firstly,torestoreandmaintainbloodflowtotheaffectedtissueororgan,andsecondly,torestorethesystemtothenormalhaemostaticstatewithoutovercompensatingandproducingcomplicationssuchashaemorrhage.Thrombolyticagents,suchasrecombinanttissueplasminogenactivator(rt-PA),arewidelyusedinthetreatmentofpatientswithacutemyocardialinfarction.However,successful…     

Modelling interregional transport systems

The demand for large-scale interregional transport modelling is growing as the ability to do this type of work increases. There is clearly a promise held out by modelling to answer questions of regional economic growth distribution of benefits and incidence of costs. However, many problems are still to be faced in the design and implementation of these models before these expectations can be fully realized. This paper treats some of these problems with suggestions as to how they can be handled.An early version of this paper was presented by the author at the Seminar on Mathematical and Statistical Analysis of Transportation and Regional Development Planning held in Honolulu, Hawaii in May, 1969 under the auspices of the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Science Program.     

汽车氙灯测试方法：相关性研究

1 背景 在1989年以前,汽车行业没有一个专门的氙灯加速老化测试方法的国际标准.1989年,汽车工程学会(SAE)发布了J1960"水冷式氙灯汽车外饰件加速暴露测试"和SAE J1885"水冷式氙灯汽车内饰件加速暴露测试"两项汽车材料耐候性测试标准.当时,SAE J1960和J1885有利于汽车制造商统一测试条件.但是,这些老化测试标准基于特定型号的设备构造,指定了某生产商的两种型号设备.     

Required navigation performance for connected and autonomous vehicles: where are we now and where are we going?

ABSTRACT

While automotive original equipment manufacturers and IT companies are developing and demonstrating self-driving cars, true autonomy will not be realised in the near future due in part to the technology readiness level of the existing systems as well as issues of ethics, security, governance and standards surrounding the implementation of autonomy for road transport. However, advances in cellular phones and networks, satellite-based positioning and communications, cloud computing, combined with a rise in the volumes of available data, allied with a reduction in their costs, offer the very real possibility of connecting vehicles, one to another and to smart city infrastructure as part of the Internet of Things (IoT). Data from connected vehicles, when combined with other information, may provide valuable intelligence to traffic managers and other stakeholders via cooperative intelligent transport system (C-ITS) platforms. Nevertheless, many issues face the implementation of a truly connected IoT in general and C-ITS in particular.