Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

S^2 BHCA Multiple AUVs cooperation oriented control architecture

Oceanographic survey, or other similar applications should be the applications of multiple AUVs. In this paper, the skill ＆ simulation based hybrid control architecture （S^2BHCA） as the controller＇s design reference was proposed. It is a multi-robot cooperation oriented intelligent control architecture based on hybrid ideas. The S^2BHCA attempts to incorporate the virtues of the reactive controller and of the deliberative controller by introducing the concept of the ＂skill＂. The additional online task simulation ability for cooperation is supported, too. As an application, a multiple AUV control system was developed with three ＂skills＂ for the MCM mission including two different cooperative tasks. The simulation and the sea trials show that simple task expression, fast reaction and better cooperation support can be achieved by realizing the AUV controller based on the S^2BHCA.     

舰载作战指挥系统软件构件库技术研究(续三):检索和管理

软件构件的检索和管理是软件构件库技术的两个必要方面。重点分析了舰载作战指挥系统软件构件库的检索技术，包括基于关键词的软件构件检索、基于刻面的软件构件检索以及软件构件全文检索。     

信号设备结合部巡视及管理要点

巡视工作是安全管理实现关口前移,超前防范的重要手段.目前巡视中“人到心不到、眼到手不到、看到说不到、问到盯不到”的情况普遍存在,造成设备故障隐患不能及时发现和消除,特别是在设备结合部巡视中容易出现因方法不当,处置错误,导致一些设备和管理隐患长期存在,小缺点变成大漏洞,小遗忘变成大隐患.     

运用「三修」理念铺就优质线路

新乡工务段对线路维修管理实行“修养”分开,深化“天窗修”管理,将影响设备稳定的作业项目全部纳入“天窗”点内实施;强力推行作业“零”误差理念和“一、二、三”线路检查法,精细打造“零缺陷”线路;针对线路局部道床板结、连接零件损伤、几何尺寸超限等趋向性病害,实施“单项修”,提高线路的平顺度;加大站专线设备的人力和物力投入,对管内站专线设备进行“拉网式”检查,建立“站专线设备问题库”,使正线与站专线设备质量得到均衡提高。     

人工神经网络在基坑变形性状研究中的应用

基坑工程不仅要保证维护结构本身的安全,而且要保证周围建(构)筑物的安全和正常使用。开展基坑工程变形性状研究具有重要意义。影响基坑变形的因素很复杂,传统的计算方法已无法准确预测基坑的变形。人工神经网络(ANN)有很强的解决非线性问题的能力。近些年来基于ANN的方法在岩土工程中得到了广泛的应用。本文对ANN在基坑工程中的应用研究进行了综述,并对其发展方向进行了分析。     

隧道掌子面画像处理系统的开发及其在工程中的应用

介绍隧道掌子面画像处理系统的开发、构成及功能。利用数字摄像及图像处理技术，快捷、准确地描述隧道掌子面地质构造的揭示情况，为信息化设计、信息化施工及时提供指导性的参考资料，并可作为对其他超前地质预报结果的验证环节。     

Mixed analysis of shell and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method

 This article presents a mixed method of analyzing shell elements and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method. In the structural design of a ship's hull, the shell elements are used for the global model. However, the solid elements are necessary to analyze the stress concentration zones or the vicinity of a crack. In such cases, the models are analyzed using zooming analysis, in which the results of a global model analysis are transferred to a local model analysis by imposing boundary conditions. This method is more advantageous than zooming analysis in terms of the accuracy of the solution and the modeling flexibility. Some examples of a plate model with a cracked surface or with a projection are shown in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Received: August 6, 2002 / Accepted: November 25, 2002 Address correspondence to: S. Nakasumi (sumi@nasl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp) Updated from the Japanese original, which won the 2002 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2001;189:219–224; and 190:655–662)     

铁路信号微机在线检测系统的研制

给出了所研制的铁路信息微机在线检测系统的工作原理，本系统适用于中小型信号站，具有成本低，使用维护等方便等优点。     

集装箱龙门起重机微机控制系统

本文介绍了将微型计算机应用于集装箱起重机自动控制系统的设计思想和方法。在该系统中，以集装箱起重机为控制对象，用单板机作为控制器，通过传感器，驱动放大电路及接口芯片等构成一个完整的自动控制系统。此系统基本实现了集装箱起重机的自动控制，并给集装专用吊具与集装箱迅速准确的自动对位带来好处。