Planning with vision: The development of traffic strategies for Melbourne

This paper describes an approach to the development of metropolitan transport strategies based on community needs and values. A search conference and other consultation methods were used to raise community awareness of transport issues and to give the transport planners an understanding of community concerns and values. The collective values were used to develop a vision statement of where Melbourne could be in the future. Transport strategies were then developed which helped achieve the vision. By this approach transport strategies can be integrated with the delivery of other services so that they are complementary and achieve consistent ends. The process encouraged community debate and helped strategy development to focus on what was to be achieved, rather than on particular techniques or interest group agendas. Integrated strategies which have wide interest group and community support can be developed by the process.     

The authors in this issue

This paper analyses the impacts on a particular region of a recent policy change regarding public transit subsidy in New Zealand, under which the contributions of local authorities are increased from 0 to 50% of net direct expenditures. The options open to the community are examined and their effects on regional income, future development and social equitability are analysed. It also illustrates the cost effectiveness of a natural monopoly under increased accountability.     

欧洲汽车故障自诊断技术发展及应用状况透视

目前在欧洲,汽车制造商们已经把大量的汽车诊断维修资料存储在了计算机里,但是,除这些非汽车制造商们心血来潮,突发出一个大慈大悲的“全心全意”为人民服务的念头,否则的话,汽车维修行业的同仁们就别指望能够接触到多少这类必须的技术资料。这些技术资料对于形成一个汽车维修企业的市场竞争力显然是至关重要的。本文仔细分析了欧洲的八个著名的汽车品牌在这方面的所作所为,并同时会让大家了解到,要想在汽车诊断维修行业激烈的竞争中立于不败之地的话,你还需要借助什么样的“法宝”来武装自己。     

Integrating natural and socio-economic science in coastal management

The future more sustainable management of coastal resources is an important policy goal for all governments of countries with coastlines. Coastal areas are under intense environmental change pressure with extensive feedback effects between the natural systems and the human systems. It could be argued that there is just one jointly determined and coevolving system that needs to be studied and managed. Understanding the interactions between the coastal zone and environmental change cannot be achieved by observational studies alone. Modelling of key environmental and socio-economic processes is a vital tool, required to buttress coastal management institutions and practice. Three overlapping procedural stages can be identified in the coastal resource assessment process. The scoping and auditing stage, implemented via a ‘pressure–state–impact–response’ framework, details, among other thing, problems, system boundaries and value conflicts. The framework is itself based on a conceptual model, which lays stress on functional value diversity and the links between ecosystem processes, functions and outputs of goods and services which are deemed ‘valuable’ by society. The two subsequent stages are integrated modelling, combining natural and social science methodologies, and evaluation of management options and related gains and losses. An overview of a research project, which utilised the pressure–state–impacts–response (P–S–I–R) framework and supporting concepts and methods, is presented in the last section of the paper, together with some generic ‘lessons’ for interdisciplinary research.     

10大亚洲车系故障难点破解

亚洲汽车厂商生产的车辆一直很受美国消费者欢迎,亚洲品牌汽车经常名列最佳制造车辆的排行榜中.但即使质量再好,也难免有出故障的时候,维修任务就自然落到维修工身上了.……