排序方式: 共有6条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1
1.
Valerie J. Karplus Sergey Paltsev John M. Reilly 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2010,44(8):620-641
The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) may offer a potential near term, low-carbon alternative to today’s gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles. A representative vehicle technology that runs on electricity in addition to conventional fuels was introduced into the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model as a perfect substitute for internal combustion engine (ICE-only) vehicles in two likely early-adopting markets, the United States and Japan. We investigate the effect of relative vehicle cost and all-electric range on the timing of PHEV market entry in the presence and absence of an advanced cellulosic biofuels technology and a strong (450 ppm) economy-wide carbon constraint. Vehicle cost could be a significant barrier to PHEV entry unless fairly aggressive goals for reducing battery costs are met. If a low-cost PHEV is available we find that its adoption has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions, refined oil demand, and under a carbon policy the required CO2 price in both the United States and Japan. The emissions reduction potential of PHEV adoption depends on the carbon intensity of electric power generation. Thus, the technology is much more effective in reducing CO2 emissions if adoption occurs under an economy-wide cap and trade system that also encourages low-carbon electricity generation. 相似文献
2.
Simulation of the oil spill processes in the Sea of Japan with regional ocean circulation model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sergey M. Varlamov Jong-Hwan Yoon Naoki Hirose Hideyuki Kawamura Ken Shiohara 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》1999,4(3):94-107
A simulation of the movement of spilled oil after the incident of the Russian tanker Nakhodka in the Sea of Japan, in January 1997, was performed by a particle tracking model incorporating advection by currents, random
diffusion, the buoyancy effect, the parameterization of oil evaporation, biodegradation, and beaching. The currents advecting
spilled oil were defined by surface wind drift superposed on the three-dimensional ocean currents obtained by the Geophysical
Fluid Dynamics Laboratory modular ocean model (GFDL MOM), which was forced by the climatological monthly mean meteorological
data, or by the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) daily meteorological data, and assimilated sea
surface topography detected by satellite altimeter. A number of experiments with different parameters and situations showed
that the wide geographical spread of oil observed is not explained by wind drift alone, and that including the simulated climatological
currents gives better results. The combination of surface wind drift and daily ocean currents shows the best agreement between
the model and observations except in some coastal areas. The daily meteorological effect on the ocean circulation model results
in a stronger variability of currents that closely simulates some features of the nonlinear large-scale horizontal turbulent
diffusion of oil. The effect of different parameterizations for the size distribution of model oil particles is discussed.
Received for publication on July 26, 1999; accepted on Nov. 17, 1999 相似文献
3.
Grigoriy Ivanovich Dolgikh Stanislav Grigor’evich Dolgikh Sergey Nikolaevich Kovalyov Vladimir Aleksandrovich Chupin Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich Shvets Sergey Vladimirovich Yakovenko 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2009,14(4):436-442
The operating principle and specifications of a laser meter for measuring hydrosphere pressure variations are described in
this article. The meter was designed to measure the hydrosphere pressure variations to a depth of 500 m within the frequency
range of 0–1000 Hz at the level of background oscillations. Some results obtained using the apparatus under consideration
when recording sea oscillations and waves of natural and artificial origin are presented. 相似文献
4.
Sergey Paltsev Y.-H. Henry Chen Valerie Karplus Paul Kishimoto John Reilly Andreas Löschel Kathrine von Graevenitz Simon Koesler 《Transportation》2018,45(2):573-595
The European Union (EU) recently adopted CO2 emissions mandates for new passenger cars, requiring steady reductions to 95 gCO2/km in 2021. We use a multi-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, which includes a private transportation sector with an empirically-based parameterization of the relationship between income growth and demand for vehicle miles traveled. The model also includes representation of fleet turnover, and opportunities for fuel use and emissions abatement, including representation of electric vehicles. We analyze the impact of the mandates on oil demand, CO2 emissions, and economic welfare, and compare the results to an emission trading scenario that achieves identical emissions reductions. We find that vehicle emission standards reduce CO2 emissions from transportation by about 50 MtCO2 and lower the oil expenditures by about €6 billion, but at a net added cost of €12 billion in 2020. Tightening CO2 standards further after 2021 would cost the EU economy an additional €24–63 billion in 2025, compared with an emission trading system that achieves the same economy-wide CO2 reduction. We offer a discussion of the design features for incorporating transport into the emission trading system. 相似文献
5.
Sergey Panteleymonov 《经济导报》2008,(1)
Weatherford管线和特种服务集团(Weatherford’s Pipeline&Services Group)的Sergey Panteleymonov采用磁力在线检测数据评定管线潜在的泄漏 相似文献
6.
1