基于高低的高速铁路简支梁徐变上拱识别方法

研究目的:现有监测手段难以高效经济地测量高速铁路全线简支梁的徐变上拱量,但可以通过分析轨道动态检测数据实现有效识别。因此,本文选取我国某高速铁路长达7年的检测数据,结合小波分解、极值点搜寻和概率分布拟合,对每一跨简支梁的高低波形进行识别,然后通过波形关键点识别简支梁徐变上拱量,并研究其发展规律。研究结论:(1)波形识别算法对24 m梁和32 m梁的识别准确率分别为94.3%和96.4%;(2)简支梁徐变上拱与混凝土徐变的发展规律相近,利用最小二乘法拟合得到了上拱量发展曲线;(3)在线路开通运营6年后,24 m梁上拱量的中位数在1.5~2.0 mm之间,32 m梁上拱量的中位数在2.0~2.6 mm之间,简支梁徐变上拱的发展趋于平缓,未来的发展空间有限;(4)本研究成果对掌握高铁桥梁变形状态和指导线路养护维修具有参考价值。     

阶梯形丁坝区明槽紊流脉动流速的空间相关结构*

阶梯形丁坝在航道整治中应用广泛，脉动流速的空间相关结构是紊流相干结构的重要组成，可有效反映阶梯形丁坝区的流场特性。基于阶梯形丁坝区明槽紊流PIV流场测试资料，分析阶梯形丁坝区脉动流速空间自相关结构与互相关结构的分布特性，研究脉动流速空间相关结构沿主流、水深及槽宽方向的变化规律。结果表明：纵向脉动流速自相关系数Cuu与垂向脉动流速自相关系数Cvv均为正值；自相关系数在0.3~0.9区间内的等值线，其分布范围随着水深增加而减小，随着与丁坝距离的增大而增大；近坝区纵、垂向脉动流速互相关系数Cuv与垂、纵向脉动流速互相关系数Cvu云图在丁坝下游约一级丁坝坝长范围内出现基本对称的正负分区现象；一级丁坝附近Cuv及Cvu云图中相关性较强的等值线分布范围在近坝区较大而水槽中心较小；水槽中心附近，脉动流速空间互相关系数绝对值较大的等值线基本分布在二级丁坝上方，Cuv为正，Cvu为负。     

理解消费者对质量的定义

汽车产品的质量总是会受到巨大的关注。质量较差会导致财务成本的增加,这使得制造商把提升质量作为一项商业必要的手段。过去的数年中有无数方法和流程被用来减少浪费和消除缺陷 (比如6-Sigma法和TQM完全质量管理法)。我们并不缺少这样的衡量工具,来衡量因质量问题和返工而产生的负面经济效益。运用这些衡量工具能够理解质量对每辆车或者公司的盈利能力造成的影响,并且帮助公司取得显著的产品质     

Maritime education in cross cultural settings

Cross-cultural interaction is growing in our global economy. Expanding maritime trade in ports around the world reinforces the need for standardized training and education to cope with new global technologies and logistics systems. Working, studying and interacting in cross-cultural settings can lead to problems of misunderstandings and misinterpretations among people having different worldviews.     

S^2 BHCA Multiple AUVs cooperation oriented control architecture

Oceanographic survey, or other similar applications should be the applications of multiple AUVs. In this paper, the skill ＆ simulation based hybrid control architecture （S^2BHCA） as the controller＇s design reference was proposed. It is a multi-robot cooperation oriented intelligent control architecture based on hybrid ideas. The S^2BHCA attempts to incorporate the virtues of the reactive controller and of the deliberative controller by introducing the concept of the ＂skill＂. The additional online task simulation ability for cooperation is supported, too. As an application, a multiple AUV control system was developed with three ＂skills＂ for the MCM mission including two different cooperative tasks. The simulation and the sea trials show that simple task expression, fast reaction and better cooperation support can be achieved by realizing the AUV controller based on the S^2BHCA.     

基于胜任力的我国中小企业人力资源管理模式研究

自McClelland在20世纪70年代初提出胜任力的概念以来,胜任力的理论研究和应用随即风靡美、英、加等西方国家,并成为20世纪80年代一个前沿的管理理念。本文通过探求胜任力以及其在人力资源管理中的重要作用,针对我国中小型企业管理模式传统,管理方式僵硬等特点,提出了胜任力在我国中小企业人力资源管理中的几种应用模式,并且对企业在建立有效的人力资源管理模式中应当注意的一些问题进行了分析。     

Patterns in diversity and community structure of epipelagic copepods from the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence area, south-western Atlantic

Diversity and structure of epipelagic copepod communities were investigated using 70 zooplankton samples collected from the top 50 m of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence area between 35° and 55°S. Biogeographic patterns were investigated using multivariate analysis. Biodiversity patterns were examined using different univariate indexes. Representatives of 35 species of copepods from 23 genera and 13 families were found. Two zones were delimited based on their copepod composition, one in the subtropical waters of the Brazil current, and the other in the subantarctic waters of the Malvinas current. Both environments displayed contrasting patterns of biodiversity depending upon which element is measured (regional species richness as well as mean point species richness were significantly higher in the subtropical group of stations, whereas taxonomic distinctness was significantly higher in the subantarctic community). Based on these contrasting results, we suggest the use of both kind of indexes when defining priority areas for conservation.     

Young drivers and graduated licensing: The Ontario case

Despite improvements in road safety over the past several decades, accident rates remain high for young drivers. One accident countermeasure that is expected to improve the safety record of this group is graduated licensing. The philosophy behind this licensing system is that novice drivers, of whom the majority are young, should be restricted to relatively safe driving environments during the initial learning period. Graduated licensing was implemented in the Province of Ontario, Canada in 1994. The objective of this study is to estimate the potential benefits and costs for young drivers associated with two components of the Ontario graduated licensing package: the late-night driving curfew and the high-speed roadway restrictions. Based on accident and travel data for the year 1988, accident-involvement rates per kilometre driven were calculated for different driver groups for various combinations of time of day and roadway speed limit. These rates were then applied to the expected mobility profiles of young drivers affected by graduated licensing. The results of the study support the late-night curfew and suggest that this component of the licensing package should reduce total accident involvements for the affected group by up to 10 percent and fatal accident involvements by up to 24 percent, while reducing their total driving by only four percent. By contrast, the empirical evidence suggest that the high-speed roadway restrictions are likely to increase accident involvements, and thus it is strongly recommended that this component of Ontario's graduated licensing package be changed.     

船舶舵减横摇H∞鲁棒控制系统

研究了船舶舵减横摇鲁棒控制系统设计问题。根据船舶运动和流体力学原理,指出了舵上产生的横摇力矩及船舶航向(艏摇)与横摇的分频特性,是舵-航向/横摇综合控制技术的基础。提出广义输出干扰的概念,将舵减横摇控制系统广义对象的奇异控制问题转化为非奇异标准控制问题,给出了艏摇/横摇耦合运动的线性分式变换模型和广义对象状态空间实现,设计了舵减横摇H∞鲁棒控制系统,并用结构奇异值理论对所设计的系统进行了鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒性能分析。通过数字仿真,证明所设计的控制系统具有良好的减摇控制效果和鲁棒性。     

大秦铁路A股沪市挂牌上市

2006年8月1日上午9点30分,随着一声开市的锣响,大秦铁路股份有限公司(下称大秦公司)首次公开发行A股股票在上海证券交易所挂牌上市。这是我国铁路运输企业A股上市的第一家大型公司,标志着铁路投融资体制改革进入了新的发展阶段,也为投资者带来了铁路运输概念的绩优篮筹股。