Maritime accident investigation and temporal determinants of maritime accidents: A case study

This paper presents the results of an investigation into temporal determinants of maritime accidents based on a data-set obtained from the proceedings of formal inquiries in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). The results show that there is no statistically significant outcome between the probability for an accident and the time of watch. Thus the results do not confirm previous studies, which reported significant time of day effects.The outcome of this study indicates that marine inquiries can provide useful data for an analysis of underlying causes of maritime accidents. It is suggested that accident inquiries should be extended into the area of watch systems employed and should record the hours of work and of rest of the officers on the watch involved in a maritime accident.     

轿车前部结构参数对儿童头部损伤影响分析

在轿车-行人碰撞事故中,影响行人头部损伤的车辆前部结构参数主要有:保险杠中心离地高度、保险杠宽度和伸出长度、发动机盖前缘高度及发动机盖倾斜角等.文中首先建立了儿童行人的仿真模型,并利用事故重建验证了仿真模型的可靠性;接着采用正交试验分析了上述参数对儿童头部伤害指数的影响;最后将所得结果和成年行人头部损伤的相关指数进行比较.结果表明,前部结构参数对儿童头部损伤的影响比成人的大,其中发动机盖前缘高度对儿童行人头部伤害的影响最为显著.