颗粒阻尼抑制水下航行器轴系纵振模拟试验

在简谐激励条件下，应用轴系颗粒阻尼纵振抑制模拟试验装置研究了旋转工况下的颗粒阻尼减振比；探讨了单腔体多颗粒和多腔体多颗粒时的轴系模拟系统加速度变化，讨论了颗粒的材料、粒径、质量填充比、腔体数量、转速、激励频率与位移等参数对系统减振比的影响规律。研究结果表明:在单腔体多颗粒条件下，填充有铜、钢、橡胶包钢颗粒的系统减振比处于7.83%~8.91%，橡胶颗粒的系统减振比接近于0；铜、钢、橡胶包钢颗粒有明显的抑振效果，颗粒的材料密度和阻尼比越大，抑振效果越好；当颗粒质量填充比为15%时，系统减振比最高为13.77%，但当质量填充比超过15%时，减振比有所降低，故质量填充比一般应根据实际情况控制在15%左右；粒径、转速、激励频率与位移幅值的变化对系统减振比的影响分别为1.76%~8.68%、6.77%~12.50%、4.41%~10.12%与2.19%~7.05%；在多腔体多颗粒工况下，当颗粒总质量填充比和转速一定时，腔体数量对系统减振比有明显影响；当腔体数量为3时，转速为100 r·min-1和质量填充比为25%的最佳系统减振比为22.5%；在多腔体多粒径颗粒工况下，当总质量填充比为10%，转速为50~150 r·min-1的系统减振比波动不大，平均为14.18%，这表明多腔体多粒径组合对转速不十分敏感，具有较好的减振效果，可拓宽转速使用范围。      

Towards measures of affective and eudaimonic subjective well-being in the travel domain

Studies of the connections between transportation and subjective well-being (SWB) require a clear understanding of the conceptual composition of travel-related SWB as well as psychometric instruments to measure these complex topics. Well-established psychological scales for measuring general SWB—including both hedonic (affective and cognitive) and eudaimonic aspects—are difficult to adapt or have yet to be tested in the travel domain. Existing measures of travel liking and travel satisfaction are somewhat inadequate for these purposes, especially for representing eudaimonia. Using a questionnaire survey of 680 commuters in the Portland, Oregon, region, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses examined responses to a total of 42 items. Results suggested four-factor measurement models of both travel affect (Enjoyment, Attentiveness, Distress, and Fear) and travel eudaimonia (Health, Competence, Autonomy, and Security). Despite some limitations and opportunities for enhancements, these models show promise as ways of measuring affective and eudaimonic SWB in the travel domain for future studies and travel surveys.

     

表面选区强化对钢轨波磨处轮轨滚动接触行为的影响

层流等离子体表面强化技术可大幅提高钢轨表面的硬度和耐磨性。为了揭示强化处理对轮轨滚动接触行为的影响,建立同时考虑钢轨表面选区强化和短波波磨的三维轮轨瞬态滚动接触有限元模型,数值计算了车轮高速滚过一个波磨周期的轮轨力、接触斑黏滑分布和残余应力应变。对比发现:表面选区强化对轮轨力和接触斑黏滑分布的影响较小,不影响钢轨承载性能;对钢轨表面残余应力应变分布的影响明显,残余应力主要集中在屈服强度较高的强化斑内而残余应变主要集中在韧性较好的基体材料上,表面选区强化有效结合了强化斑和基体材料的力学性能,形成了一种强韧的良好匹配。结果可为现场生产服务提供一定的理论指导和应用参考。     

Costs of air pollutants from shipping: a meta-regression analysis

ABSTRACT

This study estimated the external cost of air pollution from shipping by means of a meta-regression analysis, which has not been made before. Three pollutants, which were included in most of the primary studies, were considered: nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulphur dioxides (SO₂) and particulate matters with a diameter of max 2.5 micrometres (PM_2.5). All primary studies included damages of health and a majority added impacts on agriculture and estimated the cost of air pollutants by transferring cost estimates from studies on costs of air emissions from transports in Europe. Different regression models and estimators were used and robust results were found of statistically significant emission elasticities of below one, i.e. total external costs increase by less than 1% when emissions increase by 1%. There was a small variation between the pollutants, with the highest elasticity for PM_2.5 and lowest for NO_x. Calculations of the marginal external cost of the pollutants showed the same pattern, with this cost being approximately six times higher for PM_2.5 than for the other pollutants. Common to all pollutants was that the marginal external cost decreases when emission increases. Another robust result was a significant increase in the cost of studies published in journals compared with other publication outlets. These findings point out some caution when transferring constant external unit cost of air pollutant from shipping, which is much applied in the literature, and the cost functions estimated in this study could thus provide a complementary transfer mechanism.     

预制节段拼装结构套筒连接检测方法综述

随着我国逐步推进预制节段拼装结构的应用,灌浆套筒作为节段拼装可靠的钢筋连接方式,广泛应用于桥梁建造中。本文介绍了目前钢筋套筒连接使用中的容易产生的缺陷及其影响,针对这些问题,本文介绍了几种主要检测方法,对其检测原理进行了简要阐述,总结了检测效果及其适用范围,并归纳了现有规范中对于这些检测方法的要求。同时对于套筒连接施工中的质量控制,本文以实际工程项目为例提出了一些监控措施。     

内河船舶生活污水处理若干问题及建议

该文结合新发布的《内河船舶法定检验技术法规(2019)》等法规内容,就内河船舶生活污水对水域环境的影响,对目前生活污水处理所使用的技术和方法进行简单分析,指出现实存在的一些问题,并针对性地提出了防治建议。