轮轨接触力学的最新发展

文章重点讨论车轮／钢轨的流动接触问题，着重介绍了如何处理轮轨材料变化、磨损和蠕滑现象，并详细介绍了各种方法，包括最新遵循拉格朗日－欧拉原理的有限元法。最后给出了关于轮轨破坏的机理。     

Derivation of Frequency Dependent Creep Coefficients Based on an Elastic Half-Space Model

Kalker's creep coefficients for linear rolling contact problems are only valid in the steady state case. A method for the extension of linear contact mechanics into the high frequency range is presented. Frequency dependent creep coefficients are obtained, which can be interpreted as harmonic responses of the creep forces for harmonically varying creepages. For linear investigations of contact phenomena in the high frequency range simple laws governing the Kalker coefficients C₁₁and C₂₂ are given.     

History of Stability of Railway and Road Vehicles

Stability of running of vehicles is one of the important design criteria of railway and road vehicles. Railway vehicle stability is based on kinematics as well as contact mechanics. It reaches back to the 19th century and had its first hey-day with the work of Carter and Rocard on stability of locomotives. A rediscovery of their knowledge, which seemed to have been forgotten, was inevitable due to increased vehicle speeds since the early Fifties. — Though investigations on road vehicle stability only began approximately in 1930 with the treatment of the shimmy phenomenon, realistic solutions were available at the same time as for railway vehicles. Besides considering historical aspects we discuss in the paper links which exist between both approaches; open questions are described.     

Advanced Contact Mechanics-Road and Rail

The development of contact theories and numerical formula for various applications is a field which expands rapidly. This publication focuses on the rolling contact problem both for tire-road and wheel-rail contact. For the tire-road application a central problem is the modeling of the composite structure of the tire under internal pressure and axle load. One actual contact problem is the rolling on soft soil, which is discussed as the main application. In the wheel-rail case the contact area is much smaller and much more emphasis has been laid on the treatment of material changes, wear and creep phenomena. These approaches are discussed in detail as well as a more recent finite element formulation following the arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian concept. Ideas about damage mechanisms finish the article.     

钢轨波磨研究综述

在日本,以前出现的钢轨波磨并不严重,但近年来则变得日益广泛。自19世纪末以来,全世界出现了众多预防波磨的报告,但是有关理论没有完整地解释波磨的形成机理,目前也尚无圆满的对策解决波磨问题。由于列车提速、新型车辆引入等原因,波磨的形成趋势也更加明显,因此有关波磨的研究变得愈加重要。在这种情形下,笔者对过去有关波磨的研究,以及当今全世界范围内正在进行的研究进行了评述,尤其着重在日本的研究。本文分别对参考文献、20世纪70年代的研究工作、钢轨波磨、短波波磨和近年来在日本的研究进行了评述。     

Modelling of Railway Track and Vehicle/Track Interaction at High Frequencies

A review is presented of dynamic modelling of railway track and of the interaction of vehicle and track at frequencies which are sufficiently high for the track's dynamic behaviour to be significant. Since noise is one of the most important consequences of wheel/rail interaction at high frequencies, the maximum frequency of interest is about 5kHz: the limit of human hearing. The topic is reviewed both historically and in particular with reference to the application of modelling to the solution of practical problems. Good models of the rail, the sleeper and the wheelset are now available for the whole frequency range of interest. However, it is at present impossible to predict either the dynamic behaviour of the railpad and ballast or their long term behaviour. This is regarded as the most promising area for future research.     

Direct Covariance Analysis for the Calculation of Creepages and Creep-Forces for Various Bogies on Straight Track with Random Irregularities

In this paper creep-forces and creepages for an ICE express train coach and an electric locomotive BR 120 of the DB on straight track with random irregularities are investigated. The calculations are made with the multibody program MEDYNA using direct covariance analysis. One of the aims of this article is to emphasize the advantages of the direct covariance method (time domain) compared with the power spectral density method (frequency domain).