A Theoretical Model on Solvus Line Prediction of Film and Its Application in Nanogranular Al-Cu System

A theoretical model on the solvus line prediction of a film was proposed and applied to a nanogranular Al-Cu system. The calculation results show that the solvus line of solute Cu will markedly lower with the decrease of grain size, namely, the starting temperature of θ(Al_2Cu) precipitation in a nanogranular Al-Cu film will markedly lower than that of conventional coarse grain alloy with the same Cu concentration, and the precipitation temperatures calculated are comparable with the experimental ones. The theoretical model can be simply used to calculate the starting temperature of precipitation in Al-Cu films under three states: ① films with substrate; ② films without substrate; ③ ultrafine grain bulk alloy. As a result, the model is universal, moreover, can be, in principle, used to predict precipitation temperature in other systems.     

青岛港的国内集装箱运输

青岛港开展国内集装箱运输已有十年了，十年中开展了多条航线运输，办理联运业务，实和门到门运输。近年来，申、青、潍航线因种种因素已中断。从各航线的运量看，1992年1991较年也有下降，针对以上情况，采取了一些相应的措施。