Comparison of fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions between the aged and new DPF systems of Euro 5 diesel passenger car

This study was conducted to examine the impact of aged and new DPF systems of the Euro 5 diesel passenger car on fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions. Test diesel vehicle used in this study was equipped with diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and diesel particulate filter (DPF) as aftertreatment systems, and satisfied the Euro-5 emissions standard. The displacement volume of engine was 1.6 L and the cumulative mileage was 167,068 km before the test. The FTP-75 test procedure was used, and the time resolved and weight based exhaust emissions of total hydrocarbon (THC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were measured. The results show that the vehicle with the new DPF system has lower emissions of THC, CO and NOx than the aged one, and fuel efficiency also increased about 5 percent. The aged DPF system had higher backpressure due to the particulate matter (mostly in the form of ash) accumulated in the DPF. As was shown in the analysis using X-CT (X-ray computer tomography), the aged DPF system had particulate matter (PM) accumulated to a length of 46.6 mm. In addition, a component analysis of PM through XRF (X-ray fluorescence) analysis found that 50 % or more of the components consisted of the P, S, Ca, and Zn.     

直接数字频率合成的杂散信号分析

介绍了直接数字频率合成技术以及分析其杂散误差,对相位截断误差和幅度量化误差进行了傅立叶级数分析研究。文章最后还简单介绍了几种改善杂散误差的方法。     

大功率空冷自增湿PEMFC温度控制方法

为研究大功率空冷自增湿质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)温度控制对电堆输出性能的影响,分别采用模糊控制、PID控制、模糊-PID切换控制、自适应模糊PID控制对电堆进行试验测试.实验结果表明,不同控制方法在负载变化时的动态响应特性存在较大差异:模糊控制对电堆输出性能影响较大,在大电流输出时会造成明显的浓差极化;模糊控制、PID控制、模糊-PID切换控制在负载变化时动态响应存在较大的超调量,调节时间长;模糊自适应PID控制超调量小,调节时间短.与PID温度控制相比,自适应模糊PID温度控制超调量降低了75%,调节时间加快了20%.综合考虑调节时间、超调量、稳态误差、电堆输出性能等因素,自适应模糊PID温度控制有利于提高大功率空冷自增湿PEMFC输出特性.      

不同空间结构的有轨电车超级电容热行为

为了减轻有轨电车超级电容模组因温度引起的性能衰减,基于超级电容器的单体结构,研究单体不同空间结构对超级电容模组热行为的影响. 首先,建立超级电容电化学-热耦合模型,并搭建实验平台验证模型的有效性;其次,定义“自然对流换热比表面积”,通过最高温度、最大温差、单体温度波动率和空间利用率4个指标对截面为3 × 6、2 × 9的长方体结构、截面为4 × 4的正方体结构和六面体结构的超级电容模组的温度特性和体积特征进行评估. 研究表明:气流路径的长度、对流换热比表面积以及强制对流换热的单体数量会影响散热的效果,具有短而宽流动路径的空间结构冷却效果更好;正方体结构是冷却效果和均温方面的最优选择;对于空间利用率和冷却效率而言,六面体结构是最佳选择.      

高速铁路安全技术综述

安全是交通领域永恒的主题,针对当前中国高速铁路发展的大好机遇,本文对高速铁路的安全技术进行了分析和总结,阐述了高速铁路系统运行的特点以及安全监控技术的现状和特点,并试探性地提出了高速铁路安全技术亟待解决的关键问题.     

车用液力变矩器的变形仿真研究

为确保液力变矩器的使用安全，对液力变矩器（空壳）在同一离心力场下的不同油压作用进行了实际工况仿真和有限元分析，通过对实际车用液力变矩器空壳的试验测试，结果表明液力变矩器颈端（Hub)和柄端（Pilot)的轴向变形与油压呈线性关系，理论计算值与试验测试结果吻合较好。     

Simulation of Vehicle and Power Steering Dynamics Using Tire Model Parameters Matched to Whole Vehicle Experimental Results

This paper uses simulation to investigate how vehicle loading conditions (driver only, passengers, cargo, and fuel) affect power steering system and overall vehicle dynamics. Our purpose of the study was to evaluate the power steering system model for possible use in the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). The effects of changing loading conditions on inertial properties of passenger cars have been found experimentally using a Vehicle Inertia Measurement Facility (VIMF). This paper presents simulation results using a vehicle handling model combined with a power steering system model and a nonlinear tire model. A crucial part of this project was the adjustment of certain parameters of Pacejka's tire model in order to match simulation results with experimental measurements of vehicle and power steering variables in transient maneuvers.     

Design framework for FlexRay network parameter optimization

Because the FlexRay protocol has more than 70 configuration parameters and these parameters correlate with each other, designing a FlexRay network is a complex and difficult task. In this study, we propose a design framework that optimizes the two main FlexRay network parameters that are highly relevant to the application algorithm. The design process is composed of two steps for optimizing parameters. In the first step, the static slot length is optimized using a frame-packing algorithm. This algorithm binds network signals into static frames based on their periods and signal groups. In the second step, the communication cycle length is optimally designed with frame-scheduling algorithm and worst-case reponse time analysis. Based on the frame-scheduling algorithm, the response times are analyzed. The proposed design framework was applied to a unified chassis control system as a case study, and the analytical results were verified.     

3-D numerical and experimental analysis for airflow within a passenger compartment

People use cars so frequently that they always consider the air-conditioning, and thermal comfort of the driver and passenger when buying a new car. Therefore accurate simulation of the thermal performance of automobile air conditioners to improve human comfort has become increasingly important. In order to improve the thermal comfort of passengers, 3-D flow motion and thermal behavior within vehicles must be analyzed. In this paper, a numerical simulation was used to investigate thermal behavior in a vehicle. Because air temperature at an air vent is related to the cooling capacity of the air conditioner, the cooling capacity was calculated using ɛ-NTU (effective number of transfer unit) theoretical equations. Using the air temperature relationship between inlet and outlet vents as boundary conditions, a 3-D unsteady κ-ɛ turbulent model was used to give a transient analysis simulation of the temperature field and flow conditions in a vehicle’s passenger cabin. Cooling cycle analysis and conjugate heat transfer analysis at the inside surface of the cabin’s ceiling, floor and sides were also considered. The predicted temperature distributions in the vehicles passenger cabin were in good agreement with those obtained experimentally.     

船体结构CAD技术研究

分析了国内外CAD技术在船体结构设计中应用和研究的现状,介绍了自主研发的基于面向对象的船体结构三维建模系统,描述了该系统的设计思想,对一些技术做了探索和研究.通过可视化界面,自顶向下地构造出船体不同类型的结构模型,智能化的系统满足了船体结构优化设计的需要.