长寿命高性能耐候钢桥研究进展与工程应用

系统归纳与剖析了国内外耐候钢桥的研究新进展及工程应用情况, 总结了稳定耐候锈层的形成机制、选材标准、腐蚀与疲劳损伤机理、耐候构造、耐候螺栓研发以及锈层检测与评价技术等方面的关键科技成果, 梳理并完善了耐候钢桥的适用范围和腐蚀余量设计指标, 提出了耐候钢桥锈层稳定化处理及施工技术要点; 评析了耐候钢桥锈层损伤检测与评价技术、腐蚀损伤养管技术, 结合美、日耐候钢桥工程事故经验教训和中国首批长寿命高性能耐候钢桥建设技术创新成果, 探讨了该领域的技术创新方向。研究结果表明: 耐候锈层由外层的γ-FeOOH、α-FeOOH以及内层的非晶态FeOOH化合物与Fe₃O₄构成, 稳定耐候锈层能否形成与保持, 主要受氯离子、积水和积尘等因素的影响; 建议编制中国高性能耐候钢桥选材区划图谱, 完善稳定耐候锈层构造设计准则; 现代耐候钢桥具有高性能和长寿命的技术特征, 带锈层构造细节的面内应力疲劳、面外变形疲劳试验和数值断裂力学模拟, 以及耐候高强螺栓长期耐损性能研究的推进, 将为建立完善的耐腐蚀、抗疲劳设计准则奠定基础; 人工智能技术的应用将推动长寿命高性能耐候钢桥智能运维技术的重大进步; 应加大研发投入, 建立具有中国自主知识产权的长寿命高性能耐候钢桥设计、建造和运维标准规范体系, 培养高素质的工程技术人才, 推进交通强国建设。      

S^2 BHCA Multiple AUVs cooperation oriented control architecture

Oceanographic survey, or other similar applications should be the applications of multiple AUVs. In this paper, the skill ＆ simulation based hybrid control architecture （S^2BHCA） as the controller＇s design reference was proposed. It is a multi-robot cooperation oriented intelligent control architecture based on hybrid ideas. The S^2BHCA attempts to incorporate the virtues of the reactive controller and of the deliberative controller by introducing the concept of the ＂skill＂. The additional online task simulation ability for cooperation is supported, too. As an application, a multiple AUV control system was developed with three ＂skills＂ for the MCM mission including two different cooperative tasks. The simulation and the sea trials show that simple task expression, fast reaction and better cooperation support can be achieved by realizing the AUV controller based on the S^2BHCA.     

Mixed analysis of shell and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method

 This article presents a mixed method of analyzing shell elements and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method. In the structural design of a ship's hull, the shell elements are used for the global model. However, the solid elements are necessary to analyze the stress concentration zones or the vicinity of a crack. In such cases, the models are analyzed using zooming analysis, in which the results of a global model analysis are transferred to a local model analysis by imposing boundary conditions. This method is more advantageous than zooming analysis in terms of the accuracy of the solution and the modeling flexibility. Some examples of a plate model with a cracked surface or with a projection are shown in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Received: August 6, 2002 / Accepted: November 25, 2002 Address correspondence to: S. Nakasumi (sumi@nasl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp) Updated from the Japanese original, which won the 2002 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2001;189:219–224; and 190:655–662)     

接触网检测车数据处理软件

本文通过分析接触网检测车数据处理系统的数据流向，数据组成及工作过程，确定了软件结构，软件功能及数据结构，同时讨论了软件设计中所采取的主要技术。     

Dynamic Simulation of a Smart Crank and Slider Mechanism

In this paper, a smart crank and slider mechanism is analyzed mostly from a dynamic view. By means of dynamic explicit finite element method, 3D nonlinear structure is simulated. It is proved that the mechanism can effectively accomplish smart movement prescribed. And in order to ensure reciprocal movement with higher frequency, measures should be taken to avoid over heating of parts. Compared with internal energy, kinetic energy of total rigid body is dominating, and Y direction equivalent rigid velocity is much higher than X direction velocity. Equivalent rigid velocity of all parts is consistent with respective movement condition. For both energy and velocity, slider effect is dominating. Three direction equivalent inertia force oscillates. Force amplitude in Y -direction is comparitively the greatest.     

Maritime accident investigation and temporal determinants of maritime accidents: A case study

This paper presents the results of an investigation into temporal determinants of maritime accidents based on a data-set obtained from the proceedings of formal inquiries in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). The results show that there is no statistically significant outcome between the probability for an accident and the time of watch. Thus the results do not confirm previous studies, which reported significant time of day effects.The outcome of this study indicates that marine inquiries can provide useful data for an analysis of underlying causes of maritime accidents. It is suggested that accident inquiries should be extended into the area of watch systems employed and should record the hours of work and of rest of the officers on the watch involved in a maritime accident.     

The role of professional associations in shipping

This article is in three parts. The first covers the historical development of qualifying associations. The second covers the particular role of maritime institutions that include The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, The Institute of Marine Engineering Science and Technology and The Nautical Institute. The third and final section considers the future for maritime professional associations in the context of international shipping.     

Development and Deployment of Public Transport Policy and Planning in Taiwan

Over the past decade, the escalating roadway congestion and environmental deterioration due to heavy use of private vehicles have provoked the Taiwan government to realize the importance of public transport systems. Under the “carrot-and-stick” rationales, the government has formulated public transport policies and exercised a series of related initiatives by providing sufficient and higher quality of public transport services so as to attract more private vehicle users. In this paper, the planning philosophy and policy formulation of Taiwan’s public transport development are highlighted. The most important initiatives, including the Five-year Enhancement of Mass Transportation Program and the upgrading public transport schemes in the National Development Plan are examined. Based on previous experience and lessons, we point out the most challenging issues that the government will encounter. Suggestions for the future of public transport planning are also addressed.     

尺度适应性二代小波的图像去噪方法

根据二代小波变换的基本理论和特点,研究二代小波对图像去噪的效果。提出基于二代小波的尺度适应性分解算法,并使用改进阈值函数进行阈值分析后再对噪声图像进行去噪处理。实验结果证明,使用尺度适应性二代小波对图像去噪比其他方法具有更好的效果,去噪后的图像信噪比大大提高。     

A review of the Effect of α/W ratio on fracture toughness （Ⅱ） experimental investigation in LEFM

In part I of this series, experimental investigation in EPFM （elastic-plastic fracture mechanics） had been discussed. In this paper, experimental investigation in LEFM （ linear elastic fracture mechanics） is given. Fracture toughness tests had been carried out on three different strength steels, using both through-cracked specimens with different α/W ratio and semi-elliptical cracked specimens with variable crack size and shape. Results show that the fracture toughness KIC increases with decreasing α/W when α/W 〈 0.3 for three-point-bend specimens, and that for α/W 〉 0.3, it is independent of α/W. Shallow crack specimens, both through-cracked and surface-cracked, gave markedly higher values than deeply notched specimens. However, the effect of crack shape on fracture toughness is negligible. Results also show that the LEFM approach to fracture is not tenable for design stresses where αc is often very small, far less than 2.5 （ KIC/σy）^2.