考虑洪水漫延过程的地铁车站人员疏散研究

提出一种基于元胞自动机同时分析洪水漫延和人员疏散的新方法,以此研究洪水漫延对行人疏散过程的动态影响.基于元胞自动机原理,利用元胞及其周围相邻元胞上一个时间步长的相关状态变量进行水量转移计算,结合洪水漫延对行人的移动速度和运动方向的影响,建立洪水漫延下人员疏散的分析模型,通过数值仿真研究洪水漫延和人员疏散的动力过程.详细分析不同进水口位置和进水流量对地铁车站应急疏散效率的影响.研究结果表明:有洪水时人员疏散的效率显著低于无洪水的情况;进水流量的增加会导致人员疏散效率降低;进水口位置的不同也会对人员疏散的效率造成很大的影响.     

乍嘉苏高速公路改性沥青SMA-13面层试验段施工

通过在浙江省乍浦—嘉兴—苏州高速公路改性沥青SMA—13路面试验段施工,总结出一套较为成熟的施工工艺,作为大面积施工依据。     

人工责任成本的管理与控制

目前铁路工程建设施工中人工责任成本的控制是企业成本管理与控制的难点。此文从实际工作出发，介绍了人工责任管理与控制在实际工作中的一些措施、做法和心得。     

特种筒形桅杆风压试验

锥形筒形桅杆是一种新型桅杆 ,由于其结构的特点 ,风载可能对它产生较大的威胁。通过四面锥状筒型桅杆的风洞试验 ,研究了桅杆模型在不同风向下 ,在雷诺数 1 .7× 1 0 5 Re 7.8× 1 0 5的范围中 ,其周向与轴向的表面压力分布 ,给出了桅杆模型表面压力系数沿周向与轴向的变化规律 ,并作了分析 ,阐明了其与风向、雷诺数之间的关系。通过桅杆模型表面压力的周向积分 ,得到了模型的升力与阻力 ,导出升力系数与阻力系数 ,并分析了二者随雷诺数及风向的变化规律。试验分析结果表明 :压力系数沿轴向的分布不均匀 ,靠近桅杆模型的中间部位 ,压力系数较大 ;在桅杆模型的两端 ,压力系数较小。压力系数沿周向的分布与风向有关 ,在迎风面上 ,压力系数最大 ,在背风面上 ,压力系数最小。升力系数与阻力系数也与风向密切相关 ,并且随着风向的变化 ,有较大的变化。在筒型桅杆设计中 ,应充分考虑到风向变化所引起的风载变化。     

Mixed analysis of shell and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method

 This article presents a mixed method of analyzing shell elements and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method. In the structural design of a ship's hull, the shell elements are used for the global model. However, the solid elements are necessary to analyze the stress concentration zones or the vicinity of a crack. In such cases, the models are analyzed using zooming analysis, in which the results of a global model analysis are transferred to a local model analysis by imposing boundary conditions. This method is more advantageous than zooming analysis in terms of the accuracy of the solution and the modeling flexibility. Some examples of a plate model with a cracked surface or with a projection are shown in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Received: August 6, 2002 / Accepted: November 25, 2002 Address correspondence to: S. Nakasumi (sumi@nasl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp) Updated from the Japanese original, which won the 2002 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2001;189:219–224; and 190:655–662)     

Maritime accident investigation and temporal determinants of maritime accidents: A case study

This paper presents the results of an investigation into temporal determinants of maritime accidents based on a data-set obtained from the proceedings of formal inquiries in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). The results show that there is no statistically significant outcome between the probability for an accident and the time of watch. Thus the results do not confirm previous studies, which reported significant time of day effects.The outcome of this study indicates that marine inquiries can provide useful data for an analysis of underlying causes of maritime accidents. It is suggested that accident inquiries should be extended into the area of watch systems employed and should record the hours of work and of rest of the officers on the watch involved in a maritime accident.     

The role of professional associations in shipping

This article is in three parts. The first covers the historical development of qualifying associations. The second covers the particular role of maritime institutions that include The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, The Institute of Marine Engineering Science and Technology and The Nautical Institute. The third and final section considers the future for maritime professional associations in the context of international shipping.     

高纯NF3气体管路系统的预处理

高纯三氟化氮气体在电子工业中有着广阔的应用前景,在生产过程中常存在微粒子的污染问题,本文介绍了目前工业化生产三氟化氮(NF3)过程中微粒子产生的原因及几种不锈钢管路和阀门、附件的处理方法。     

调质C级钢铸钢材料的研制

通过合理配置铸钢材料的化学成分,并配合适当的热处理工艺,研制出了满足AAR-M-201和AAR-M-211标准要求的新型调质C级钢。同时研究了热处理工艺对调质C级钢的性能影响,测定了其低温韧性和耐磨性。     

RP900J型机械式多功能摊铺机

介绍了一种用于道路基层和面层施工的多功能摊铺机的研发思路、结构构造及性能特点，对摊铺机的设备选型及使用有所帮助。