Response-based extreme value analysis of moored offshore structures due to wave, wind, and current

Floating moored offshore structures have a significant future in offshore operations as an attractive economic alternative to fixed structures in deep waters and/or in areas where there is no existing infrastructure. This paper describes an analysis procedure based on the structure variable approach to estimate load and response values of a moored offshore platform at a given return period by taking into account the joint occurrence of wave, wind, and current. The results show that the most severe mooring loads may not occur when wind, wave, and current are collinear and are at their maximum design values, i.e., the 50- or 100-year case. It is recommended that the extreme mooring design loads for moored offshore systems should be determined through a range of physical or numerical simulations where wave, wind, and current are noncollinear and act with less severe magnitudes than the 50- or 100-year case. This recommendation has also been adopted in the ITTC/Ocean Engineering Committee recommendations to the ITTC Conference held in September 1996.     

开口螺钉断裂的材料分析及工艺试验

制动夹钳单元中开口螺钉在高寒环境使用时发生断裂,对断裂的螺钉进行了断口分析,并对所使用2Cr13材料的热处理工艺进行了试验分析,检测不同温度下材料的冲击功,系统研究分析开口螺钉在低温下出现脆性断裂的原因并提出该零部件材料适用于低温的技术指标。     

Skid road effects on annual ring widths and diameter increment of fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.) trees

This study examines annual ring widths, diameter growth and increment differences of trees at a skid road and the undisturbed area in a pure plantation fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.) forest and compare these data with annual ring widths diameter growth and increment of trees at the skid road edge and undisturbed forest area. The trees growing there commonly display better growth and diameter increment than the trees growing on the skid road. Tree growth and increment on the undisturbed area was found to be about 60% greater than the skid road.     

关于基础制动单元中牙式离合器结构零件的加工工艺分析及加工方法改进、应用

在列车基础制动产品中,包括盘形制动单元和踏面制动单元在内,都广泛使用了牙式离合器结构。现以城轨踏面制动单元中的典型零件吊耳为例进行工艺分析,制定加工方案、进行工装和专用刀具设计,确保加工精度、提高加工效率。     

一种货船横截曲线的近似方法

本文给出了一种估算货船横截曲线及初步设计阶段预测静稳性的公式。这一预测技术通过系统地变化的货船系列数据回归分析后获得。为了完成这一程序 ,一些货船线型采用 6 0系列。这一预测技术的数学模型是作为设计参数的函数构造的 ,这些设计参数如船长、船宽、型深、吃水和方型系数。本文发展的这一预测方法也能用于决定特定船型参数和对货船稳性的影响。这一方法已应用于一艘货船 ,并且将实船的结果与那些回归值作了比较。     

Adaptability and vulnerability of zooplankton species in the adjacent regions of the Black and Marmara Seas

During 2005–2008 species composition, abundance patterns, natural mortality rates and salinity effects on zooplankton were studied in the Bosphorus regions of the Black and Marmara Seas. The tendencies to diminish for abundance and biomass of the Black Sea originated zooplankton species and to increase for the proportion of their carcasses in the direction from the Black Sea toward the Marmara Sea were found. The mortality in the Black Sea species increased with depth in the Marmara Sea. The contribution of organic matter of carcasses of the Black Sea originated organisms to bacterial processes in the deep strata of the Marmara Sea was estimated. Different salinity and temperature regimes restrict mutual penetration of the species in these seas.     

Simulations of biological production in the Rhodes and Ionian basins of the eastern Mediterranean

The biological production characteristics of the Rhodes and western Ionian basins of the eastern Mediterranean are studied by a one-dimensional, coupled physical–biological model. The biological model involves single aggregated compartments of phytoplankton, zooplankton, detritus as well as ammonium and nitrate forms of the inorganic nitrogen. It interacts with the physical model through the vertical eddy diffusivity which is calculated using the Mellor–Yamada level 2.5 turbulence parameterization. The model simulations demonstrate the importance of the contrasting physical oceanographic characteristics of these two basins on affecting their yearly planktonic structures. The annual primary production in the Rhodes basin is estimated as 97 g C m² yr⁻¹ which is comparable with the northwestern Mediterranean. The western Ionian basin, on the contrary, possesses only 10% of the Rhodes' productivity and therefore represent a most oligotrophic site in the eastern Mediterranean. The Rhodes basin reveals a strong bloom in early spring, typically in March, a weaker bloom in early winter, typically in January, and a subsurface production below the seasonal thermocline during summer. This structure is slightly modified in the western Ionian basin, and the early winter and early spring blooms are merged to cover the entire winter. These results are supported favorably by the available observations both in their magnitudes and timing.     

黄冈公铁两用长江大桥桥塔液压爬模施工技术

黄冈公铁两用长江大桥桥塔为H形钢筋混凝土结构,塔高190.5m,采用液压爬模法施工。为满足液压爬模在高塔施工过程中快速化施工的需求并确保施工安全,针对桥塔结构特点,选用将5m节段液压爬模改进成6m的节段液压爬模进行桥塔施工,并对液压爬模结构进行优化改进,包括整体制作大装饰槽和大倒角模板并固定在液压爬模上,在大装饰槽处附墙装置下增加牛腿,将塔柱内、外侧面液压爬模上支架后移平台加长50cm。通过合理布置桥塔液压爬模轨迹,桥塔液压爬模只在中下塔柱转角处进行1次转换,避免了液压爬模在高空中多次转换的风险;液压爬模采用分组整体转换,加快了桥塔施工速度。实践证明,该桥采用液压爬模施工技术,实现了高效快速化施工目标,且施工过程安全。